Study On Monitoring Effect Of Ecological Restoration Of Nature Reserve Based On GIS And RS Technology

China is one of the most serious soil erosion countries in the world. Soil erosion has become the most prominent ecological environment which restricted regional ecology and economic coordinated development. For the sake of speeding up the progress of soil and water loss treatment, improving ecological environment and effectively and reasonably utilizing soil resource, Water Resources Ministry brought forward a new plan of soil and water loss treatment in 2001: the natural self-rehabilitation forces promote vegetational restoration, accelerates the soil and water loss treatment and improve the ecological environment, namely ecological rehabilitation. For understanding and grasping the rules and effects in improving the ecological environment of Shennongjia forest district experimental projects and measures, by means of microcosmic pointing monitoring basing on quantitative analysis of remote Sensing, integrating the hydrological and sediment observation data, the location monitoring was be done on the change of vegetation communities, growth mount of forest and grassland, water conservation capacity, soil and water erosion status, landscape pattern and the social economic status. Base on above, the paper analyzed the ecological, economic and social benefits after ecological restoration. The main results are as flowing:(1) The ecosystem restoration project promote regional biodiversity increasedDuring the restoration of ecological system, the species diversity of arbor layer increased gradually, and that of shrub layer and herb layer firstly increased and then decreased. Generally, richness of plant community raised firstly to reach the peak, then declined slowly, which showed that the species diversity of shrub layer and herb layer increased because of abundant sunniness in the unclosed community at restoration initial stage , and at later succession the arbor layer crown closure and shrub layer and herb layer decreased, which is the main cause of community biodiversity decreased in the anaphase of succession.(2) Improving land use structure and the area of vegetable increasing obviouslyImprove the land use structure and increase the vegetable area .The main land use type was forest and shrub, the total area was above 90% of the research area after repair project. The forest area increased 13.47km~2 and the shrub increased 4.92km~2 and the grassland increased 1.50km~2 from 2001 to 2005.The vegetable coverage ratio was increased from 87.2% in 2001 to 91.5% in 2005.The forest quality was improved obviously at the same time. The dense forest and middle coverage forest area was increased, for the closing off hillsides to facilitate forestation for 4 years, and the good hydrothermal condition, which made the farmland area to be obviously decreased, especially the slope farmland above 25°to be conceded the land to forestry or grassland , and the crop construction adjustment, which of the improvement of production forest and orchard garden.(3) The vegetable coverage of ecological restoration region increased obviouslyThe vegetable coverage of each plant community increased respectively after the ecological restoration measure has been implemented; the vegetable coverage of forest and shrub improved obviously, account for 90% of the whole study region. The area of moderate coverage and low coverage reduced obviously by 16.5%; the area of high coverage more than 60% increased obviously and the increasing extent of the high coverage more than 75% was widest by 10%. The canopy density of plant community rose gradually from 37.3% to 97.3%, increasing by 70.0%. Therefore, in Processing of Ecological Rehabilitation, the forest and shrub all grew well and the vegetable coverage increased obviously, which achieved expected effect.(4) Soil and water loss relieved and soil erosion volume reduced in the ecosystem restoration regionThe area of soil erosion and its intensity are reduced. In 2005, the area of erosion grade above moderate grade reduced 20.8 km~2 totally, the intensive erosion area reduced 19.4 km~2, and moderate erosion area reduce1.4 km~2. Soil erosion modulus was 1125.9 t/km~2 and 751.8 t/km~2 respectively in 2001, 2005, decreasing 374.1 t/km~2 after the ecosystem restoration project, and the average decline rate is 93.6 t/km~2 per year. Soil conservation was obvious benefit, and soil erosion volume became from 200500t to 322400t beween 2005 and 2001, reducing by 37.81% and 121900t. The reduced soil nutrient for each year was N-104.8 t, P-124.3 t, Ka-245.0 t.(5) The ability of store and conserve water improved obviously in the ecosystem restoration regionWith the increasing of forest vegetable coverage, the standing crop of forest litter increased, water-holding capacity enhanced and saturated water content increased. The proportion of soil capillary porosity increased, soil water storage increased. So the comprehensive capacity of water retention improved. The result of land use and vegetable coverage survey showed that the forest litter, forest litter water content and saturated water content of plant community improved obviously. The area of forest with coverage more than 75% increased 4600hnr; the area of forest with coverage between 60% and 75% increased 3000hm~2; the area of forest with coverage between 45% and 60% reduced 49600hm~2; the area of forest with coverage between 30% and 45% reduced 740hm~2, the area of forest with coverage less than 30% reduced 1900hm~2.The result showed that the annual water retaining capacity was up to 2,430,000 m~3,and the anticipate effect was attained.(6) The landscape patterns of the ecosystem restoration regionThe trend of the total landscape of Shenlongjia was fragmentation, the index of complexity degree and dominance increased, and the whole patch shape became irregular. The control effect of the landscape superiority forest became strengthened. The landscape heterogeneity reduced step by step. Patch number increasing was the result of shrub and herb patch number increasing, and the dominant and significant ecology influence forest became fragmentary obviously. Conversion of cropland to Forest had infected herb and farmland, the stability of the two kind of landscape element increased. But the whole landscape shape became complex, and the instability increased too. So it made the ecology environment and ecology safe didn't improved obviously.