| The technology of upgrading under oil well has very great potential to the heavy oil's exploitation, while the key of the technology is choice of chemical. As a novel kind of catalyst and solvent, ionic liquids (ILs) have many eximious characteristic. ILs can be used in the prospective exploitation of oil, especially in the exploitation of the unconventional oil energy sources, such as heavy oil, etc.Three types of ILs, [bmim]PF6, [bmim]Br·FeCl3 and [bmim]Br·NiCl2 had been synthesized. and their compositions had been analyzed by IR spectrum. By determining and comparing the viscosity's variety of the samples before and after the experiment, the influences of ILs'composition, addition, reaction time and temperature on heavy oil were recorded and analyzed in the experiments: Three types of ILs all had good effect on reducing viscosity, while [bmim]Br·NiCl2 had the best effect. For [bmim]Br·NiCl2, the best condition was that of x(NiCl2)=0.4 (mol ratio), ILs'addition is 5wt%, reactive time 18 hours, reactive temperature 80℃, and after the experiment, samples'viscosity had been reduced by 61.7%. The hydrocarbon composition of heavy oil had been investigated, the amount of asphaltenes and resins decreased respectively 41.5% and 37.1%, the amount of saturates and aromatics increased respectively 22.7% and 25.3%, average molecular weight decreased by 35.0%, the amount of light hydrocarbon increased in hydrocarbon distribution, the content of sulfur and oxygen decreased. The effect of hydrogen donor additive on viscosity was investigated, hydrogen donor can keep the viscosity low after experiment. Through this study, we can come to the conclusion that, the ILs([bmim]Br·NiCl2) has a very obvious effect on changing heavy oil's property.On basis of conclusion of experiment, the mechanism of ILs on upgrading heavy oil had been analysed, that can offer theory reference for future investigation.
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