| Drainage from industry and agriculture is increasing with the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the accelerating urbanization. Some districts discharge waste water into the river and lake without treating because of lacking of the environmental protection awareness and sewage treatment facilities. It will pollute surface water when the degree of the water pollution goes beyond its environmental capacity, which will cause the groundwater to be polluted when the surface water infiltrates into the groundwater as the surface water and the groundwater tie up tightly. It is very hard to restore immediately once the groundwater has been polluted.Environment and hydrology workers abroad and at home have made much research on the existed rules of supplementary and the mechanism of the surface water and the groundwater, and they have acquired some achievements, it has few researchers engaging in this work in our country, although some research on the groundwater polluted owing to the infiltration of the polluted surface water.This thesis mainly researches four organic matter's migration transformation rule in stratum, and the organic matter are toluene, naphthalene, Philippine and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The Songhua River bank natural gravel sand and Songhua River raw water as the materials are used in the experiment. It studies four kind of characteristic organic matter in stratum migration transformation rule in the laboratory through modeling. The entire experiment is composed of three parts, respectively be static testing, the vertical direction dies moves to transformed and the Philippines the kinetic simulator experiment which migrates in the stratum.The static experiment part measures proceeds in simulated condition that water temperature is 10℃, the same as the underwater. It measures the adsorption of characteristic pollutant (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, phenantherne , toluene) in different media, and judges each medium's adsorptive capacity to the characteristic pollutant. All of the 4 kinds of characteristic pollutant conform to the Henry linear model. The medium's adsorptive capacity is proportional to the consistency of adsorption equilibrium when the concentration is low. The data of the experiment indicate that the small size sand adsorbs the characteristic pollutant more easily than the gravel sand, and the adsorptive capacity is bigger. Philippines' adsorption is best and fittest in the all of characteristic pollutant (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, , toluene), and it complies with linear model the most easily. All of the four materials'adsorptions are bigger in the medium that is high organic content, and it shows that there is organic matter adsorption in the media.The indoor simulation column experiment discusses the transformed rule of three kinds of characteristic pollutant separately in three kinds of different situations. Three kinds of situations respectively are different rock characters, different infiltration conditions and whether to have the river bottom deposit. The granulated sand and the non-saturated infiltration condition as well as the river bottom deposit are obvious to the characteristic pollutant's migration retardation. The simulation column with river bottom deposit compared with the one which does not add the river bottom deposit, for the Toluene they are 50.62 and 40.5, for the Naphthalene are 33.75 and 20.25, for the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene are 57.5 and 38.5, that indicates that the river bottom deposit hinders the organic matter very strong, Because river bottom deposit organic content are very high, it can infer that great adsorptive capacity as a result of the organic content is the primary cause to hinder the ability of the pollutant matter. The stratum's ability to hinder the characteristic pollutant is stronger in non-saturated infiltration condition than in saturated infiltration simulation column. Because the three kinds of characteristic pollutant are easy volatile matter, and the ground water and the surface water come apart, and it has non-saturated belt between them, the volatilization and the non-saturated hinder the contaminating material in stratum migration intensely. However, under the saturated infiltration condition the adsorption is the leading role. When the adsorptive capacity achieves saturation the stratum's hindrance to the contaminating material gradually decreases. When the rock character is different, the factor of the characteristic pollutant's hindrance is different. The granulated sand and the gravel sand's retardation coetticient to Toluene is 47.3 and 40.5, for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzenes the one is 37.3 and 38.5,for the naphthalene respectively is 41.43 and 20.25. Because the surface area and the organic content of the granulated sand are more than the gravel sand's, so granulated sand's adsorptive capacity and the ability of hindering are bigger. The pollution river water can affect the ground water in certain extent, but the migration is related to medium's nature. The medium with smaller pellet and higher organic content have the stronger hindering ability. In waterless season the ground water and the surface water come apart, and there has the non-saturated belt between them, the characteristic pollutant's translational velocity is slow and unable to pass through the stratum to cause the pollution to the ground water. Under the condition that river bottom deposit exists, the river bottom deposit can effectively hinder the pollutant in stratum migration, and reduce ground water's pollution.The indoor experiment has simulated the situation which when the rivers and the ground water mutually supplies, phenantherne's transformation rule in stratum migration. The experiment divides into three steps. First we simulated the ample flow season, the situation what the river water supplies ground water, phenantherne migrates the transformed situation in the stratum, at this time, the pollutant density around the polluted rivers ascends very quickly, and the pollutant density in upper formation of water-bearing stratum ascends obviously quicker than that in the lower level. The velocity of the phenantherne's migration in the water-bearing stratum is V1=20cm/29d=0.69cm/d. Moreover along with the experiment running, phenantherne density all around continues to increase, but the one which far from the rivers the pollutant density increases not obviously which indicates that it easier to pollute the shallow layer ground water, but the influence to the in-depth ground water influence is weak. Secondly the experiment simulates pollutant phenantherne's migration and transformation in waterless season, infiltration supplies river water when the ground water moves to river. In this case, the phenantherne is rushed into the river again during this process, the far place's phenantherne density drops very quickly, pollutant's rate of descent is slow near the simulated river, during this process the phenantherne's translational velocity in horizontal direction is V2=10cm/12.5d=0.8cm/d.And around the rivers the pollutant's speed of descent is very slow and the pollution is not easy to remove completely. The third part simulation which is the river water supplies the ground water again, the phenantherne'migration situation in stratum which is repaired. In this case the pollutant's pollution speed is obviously quicker than the speed the first time. This indicates that when the pollutant pollutes once more the repaired stratum, the pollution speed is more quickly than the first time. |
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