The Study On Regional Environmental Impact Assessment And Protection Measures Of Nongan Industrial Concentration Area

The concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was firstly put forward in the National Symposium on Environmental Quality Assessment in Canada in 1964. After 40 years' continuous study and practice, this concept has been the scientific method of understanding the harmonious development of economy, society and environment correctly and the effective way of implementing "prevention first" policy and controlling new pollution. With the accelerated pace of regional development and the expansion of exploitation, the large-scale environmental pollution and ecological destruction of the world emerged in the 1980s. The environmental impact assessment of construction projects is unable to do anything for such regional environmental issue for its own limitation, so the concept of regional environmental impact assessment emerged as the times required. Keeping up the pace of the international study, our nation carried out the theoretical researches of regional environmental impact assessment and accumulated some practical experiences.On the base of summarizing the fundamental theories of the regional environmental impact assessment of development zone, the thesis takes the Nongan Concentration Development Zone for instance. Firstly, we carry out four basic studies: the investigation of regional environmental conditions, the monitoring and assessment of existing environment, the forecast and assessment of the investigation of pollutant sources and the analysis and assessment of environmental impact. Secondly, we carry out the calculation and study of controlling the regional total quantity based on the previous researches, and put forward the index and suggestions of total quantity control. Then, we analyze and assess the plan of Nongan Concentration Development Zone comprehensively. The comprehensive assessment is composed of regional environment bearing capacity and the assessment of ecological satisfaction degree. The study of regional environment bearing capacity is to filter the evaluation index system of environment bearing capacity by environmental impact identification and analytic hierarchy process. Then it evaluates comprehensively the index limited the development of Concentration Development Zone. Combined with the results of the analysis and forecast of environmental impact, it will get the comprehensive evaluation index of environment bearing capacity rate of Concentration Development Zone after quantifying the indicators. It evaluates the environment bearing capacity comprehensively by the method of fuzzy mathematics. We analyze and evaluate the environmental impact of Nongan Industrial Concentration Area and the results are as follows:(1)Within the planning area of industrial concentration area, the total allowable discharge amount of TSP is 14722.78t/a, SO₂ is 11042.09t/a and NO₂ is 14722.78t/a.According to the calculation of the capacity of the atmospheric environment in the concentration area, the environmental capacity of TSP,SO₂,NO₂ is much enough and do not need to be cut after the operation of the concentration area. The discharge amount of pollutants in this area is within the capacity of the atmospheric environment.(2)According to the estimable situation of the environmental capacity, the existing discharge condition of pollutants and the pollutant discharging condition after the completion of Nongan Industrial Concentration Area, there is no environmental capacity in the Nongan Reach of Yitong River, and the water quality has gone beyond the National Grade V. The superscale of COD is 14905.2t/a, NH3-N is 2133.3t/a and petroleum is 417.1t/a. The index of total quantity control should be distributed justly. According to the requirements of clean production techniques, the projects entering to Nongan Industrial Concentration Area should be controlled strictly so that the total quantity of the area accord with the index.(3)From the assessment of environment bearing capacity in Nongan Industrial Concentration Area, we can find that both the water environment bearing capacity of COD, NH3-N and petroleum and the environment bearing capacity of traffic noise, industrial area noise and life service noise are in the unbearable level. The membership degree of water environment bearing capacity is zero and the water resources are in the weak bearable level. The atmospheric environment bearing capacity of SO₂,NO₂,TSP and industrial resources bearing capacity are also in the bearable level. Synthesizing the environment bearing capacity and the weight value of each indicator, the membership degree of environment bearing capacity in Nongan Industrial Concentration Area is 0.5712, which is in the weak bearable level. Because the membership degree of water environment bearing capacity of this area is in the weak bearable level, the pressure of the proportion of supply and demand of water resources will increase after the completion of correlative projects. It is suggested to optimize the industrial layout, adjust industrial structure and raise the utilization of water resources in the industrial concentration area.(4)The site selection of projects should conform with the overall city plan of Nongan County. It is necessary to speed up the environmental infrastructure construction of industrial concentration area and accomplish the central heating project (Organism Cogeneration Power Plant) and the drainage pipeline project. The central heating is adopted, all the coal-fired boilers are abolished, the discharge amount of pollutants is decreased and the discharge concentration and rate of industrial waste gas are controlled strictly in the industrial concentration area. Although there is no environmental capacity for surface water, the Grade I standard of discharge must be conducted strictly by the new sewage plant. The concentration of major pollutants such as COD and BOD₅ is lower than the exsiting concentration of river pollutants, which dilutes the seriously polluted river in certain degree. It reuses part of the sewage after the sewage treatment, decreases the discharge amount of waste water and saves the water resources. The discharge amount of pollutants in the Nongan Industrial Concentration Area meets the discharge limit. For the strict check for developing scale and projects entering the area, and the implementation of numerous measures influenced by environment and the requirements of total amount controlling, the projects have little effect on the surrounding environment. So from the aspect of sustainable development and environmental protection, the construction of projects in the Nongan Industrial Concentration Area is workable and selects suitable site.Finally, according to the results of comprehensive analysis and evaluation, we put forward the environmental protection measures of Nongan Concentration Development Zone from the following aspects: establish measures to relieve and control the various environment factors, develop circular economy, attach great importance to the protection of the ecological environment and the construction of the eco-industrial park, approve the projects strictly, extend the channel of environment protection actively, bring the environment information into the public, promote ISO14000 environment management system, introduce the auditing system of clean production and strengthen environmental monitoring.On the one hand, the thesis gives a demonstration of theories, which provides certain reference for the environmental impact assessment of northeast industrial park; on the other hand, it puts forward some suggestions about the industrial orientation site selecting, the total quantity control and environmental protection measures. The thesis offers the decisive reasons for environment management of development zone, which is favorable to the harmonious development of economy, society and environment and has certain practical significance.Regional Environmental Impact Assessment of Development Zone;...