Valuing Ecosystem Services Of Chongming Island

The valuation of ecosystem services could be embodied the services and products of ecosystem structure,function and process.It could also supply scientific data and decision reference for regional development and environmental management to avoid negative factor of ecosystem services.Chongming Island is the world's largest estuary-alluvial island,with a variety of important ecosystem types,which provide important ecological services to Shanghai and even the Yangtze River Delta. However,the land-use/cover change will directly affect the ecosystem structure, function,process and even services with the large-scale construction.This study illustrates the character of ecosystem structure,certify the main type of ecosystem and services.It also supply method of calculation and calculate dynamicly ecosystem services value.The results and analysis of the assessment are as follows:(1) Chongming Island was divided into 4 types of ecosystem(farmland,beaches, freshwater,green) and 6 categories services(raw materials,gas regulation,water conservation,soil conservation,biodiversity conservation,landscape ecology) based on the characteristics of the structure and process of ecosystem of Chongming Island. Different methods were used to calculate ecosystem services value of Chongming Island(2000,2003,2006).(2) The total ecosystem services value of Chongming Island shows a rising trend year by year,but the upward trend slowed down in recent years.In 2000,2003 and 2006,the total value is 8.399 billion yuan,8.967 billion yuan and 9.074 billion yuan.The increase between 2000 and 2003 is more obvious,but the increase between 2000 and 2003 is smaller.(3) The value of beach ecosystem services is highest,the value of farmland and freshwater ecosystem services is followed,the value of green ecosystem services is relatively minimal.The changing of different ecosystem services value is along with the changing of land use.The changing of beach ecosystem services value is obviousest in the total value.(4) The rank on the value of different services:soil conservation＞raw materials＞gas regulation＞water conservation＞biodiversity conservation＞ecological landscape.The indirect value(gas regulation,water conservation,soil conservation, biodiversity conservation) plays an important ecological benefit,which is about three times than the direct value(raw materials,landscape ecology).(5) The rank on the value of four types ecosystem service value per unit area: beach＞green＞freshwater＞farmland.For the whole Chongming Island,the value per unit area is on the low side,which is mainly related to the composing of Chongming Island.The area of farmland occupies the main position with a relatively low value per unit area.Urban wasn't considered the value of ecosystem services.(6) The total GDP and the ecosystem services value of Chongming Island are showing a rising trend year by year,the ratio of value and GDP is showing a clear downward linear trend,this should be paid enough attention in order to avoid the conflict of the coordinated development between "economic" and "ecological" and achieve Sustainable development.In response to the characteristics of the structure and change of Chongming Island ecosystem services value,suggestion and improvement was proposed for the eco-value conservation and sustainable development of Chongming Island. Ecosystem services value should be improved,though controlling population, protecting wetland,strengthening water governance,improving green building and developing organic agriculture.