Study On The Degradation Of The Chloride In Crude Oil

There are various kinds of organic and inorganic chlorides in crude oil. Most of the inorganic chlorides will be removed in the desalination process. But the organic chlorides can not be removed, and they will degrade to produce chloride ions during the crude oil processing. These chloride ions will bring a great deal of harms, for example, the chloride ions will bring corrosions to the reaction devices and pipelines, and reduce the activity of the catalyst. Four compounds, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1-chloropropane, 4-nitrochlorobenzene, were used as the model compounds to study the nucleophilic substitution reaction under different reaction conditions in a micro batch reactor. The nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-chloropropane in the environment of crude oil was also studied.The results show that:(1) With the raising the reaction temperature or extending the reaction time of the system, the hydrolysis rate of carbon tetrachloride and the alcoholysis rate of chloroform increasing;(2) Increasing the reaction pressure, the hydrolysis rate of carbon tetrachloride gradually increasing;(3) After adding ionic liquid [BMIM]PF6, the rate of alcoholysis and hydrolysis of the model compounds increased accordingly. Ionic liquid [BMIM]PF6 can play a catalyst role in nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this experiment, the best dosage of Ionic liquid is 5%;(4) Potassium iodide as a catalyst could accelerate the reaction rate of the alcoholysis of 1-chloropropane. The extension of reaction time or temperature is helpful to the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-chloropropane. However, the promotion was not significant when 1-chloropropane dispersed in crude oil. The amount of potassium iodide must be appropriate, in this experiment the best dosage of potassium iodide is 4%;(5) The ionic liquid can play a role of phase transfer catalyst in the alcoholysis reaction of nitrochlorobenzene. Extending reaction time or temperature is beneficial to the nucleophilic substitution reaction of nitrochlorobenzene. The ionic liquid [C12MIM]Br is the best one within the 10 prepared ionic liquids. The catalytic effect of [C12MIM]Br is better than tetrabutylammonium bromide. The best dosage of [C12MIM]Br is 5%;(6) The dispersion of triangular stirrer and paddle stirrer are good, and they can promote the rate of alcoholysis of nitrochlorobenzene. Increasing the speed of stirring is favorable to reaction.