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Study On The Preparation Of Calixarene-stabilized Nano-catalyst And Its Application In Hydrocarbon Fuel

Posted on:2011-04-21Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:F J YangFull Text:PDF
GTID:2121360302479650Subject:Chemistry
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The hydrocarbon fuel serves as both propellant and coolant for hypersonic aircraft.The speed limit on vehicles in the range above Mach 5 will depend on the cooling capacity that the fuel can provide.The present work mainly focuses on the cooling capacity of hydrocarbon fuel.In this article,the feasibility of the pseudo-homogeneous catalysis was probed according to the special service condition of the fuel,which provides theoretical foundation for their application in hypersonic aircrafts.The main contents and the corresponding results were summarized as the follows:A series of calixarenes and their derivatives were synthesized with p-tert-butyl phenol and resorcinol,respectively.Taking the cavity structure and oil-soluble property into consideration,C-undecyl calix[4]resorcinarene was the most suitable host compound.The oil-soluble nickle nanoparticles were successfully prepared through the method of hydrazine reduction.Experimental results show that the morphology of the particles change from spherical-shape to urchin-shape with the amount of ligand decreasing or the reaction temperature increasing.Thus,with alkali concentration of 0.8mol/L,n(ligand):n(Ni2+)=1:4 and water-ethanol as solvent, the formation of spherical nickel nanaoparticals is favoured.The Ni-B amorphous alloy with dendritic structure was prepared by potassium borohydride reducing in the solvent of toluene-water.It is found that the reaction temperature plays an important role in the average diameter of the Ni-B alloy dendritic structure,and the minimum diameter of dendritic structure is 20 nm which is prepared at 70℃.The prepared nickel nanoparticles and Ni-B amorphous alloy can be used not only as the additive of high-energy fuel,but also as catalyst.The catalytic activities of the nickel nanoparticles and Ni-B amorphous alloy were investigated by adding in hydrocarbon fuel for their catalytic hydrogenation and catalytic cracking.It indicates that in the catalytic hydrogenation of DCPD,nickel nanoparticles exhibit higher catalytic activity than the Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst,and the product yield is up to 96.91%; As for catalytic cracking of JP-10,the conversion rate can be increased even by 50% compared with the thermal cracking.The activities of different catalysts are in the order of Ni(b)>Ni(a)>Ni-B alloy.Experimental data indicate that the optimum catalytic cracking temperature range for Ni-B alloy is from 530℃to 580℃,while the optimum catalytic cracking temperature range for the nickel nanoparticles is from 540℃to 600℃.The volume properties of straight-chain paraffin and hydrocarbon fuel were also discussed in this article in order to research the compatibility of fuels.The densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures of n-octane+JP-10 and n-decane+JP-10 were determined over the entire composition range.Experimental results show that at 298.15 K,the excess molar volume of the binary system of n-octane+JP-10 was minimum at the composition of Xn-octane=0.544 with combustion heat value about 36.17 MJ/L,while the binary system of n-decane+JP-10 was at the composition of xn-decane=0.615 with combustion heat value about 36.43 MJ/L.The thermodynamic functions of activation have been estimated for each binary mixture according to the absolute rate theory of Eyring.The experimental data show that the viscous flow process is entropy-controlled for these systems,which provides a novel mind for the mixed fuel.
Keywords/Search Tags:calixarene, nano-catalyst, hydrocarbon fuel, pseudo-homogeneous catalysis
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