Environmental Impacts Of Tourism Activities In Urban Forest Park

To citizen's daily recreation and ecological environment of the city, urban forest park is very important. With the Gongqing forest park as the study area in the urban district of Shanghai, tourism activities of the park are classified, and on the basis of this, impacts of tourism activities'type and intensity are discussed through four vectors such as water, soil, vegetation and noisy by the means of field surveying, sample collecting, lab analyzing, experiment simulating and perception interviewing. It is concluded that:(1) The water of the park has been all polluted in the period from 2007 to 2009. Organic pollution, eutrophication degree and turbidity of the water are more serious. NH3-N and Tur have indicative effects when the pollution level is relatively low in the water because they are sensitive to tourism activities'intensity. It is revealed by the data that:NH3-N, TN, Tur of the water can be very easily changed by the activities of catering and lodging. COD can be changed easily changed by leisure activities, and compared to other activities, Tur can be changed relatively easily by dynamic leisure activities. According to the spatial distribution of TN, TP and COD, it is shows that: The concentration of TN in the peripheral and the vertex water area are separately higher than that of the internal area and the center area. The concentration of TP decreases progressively from the center to the peripheral water area. COD is in contrast with TP.(2) Under the interference of tourism activities, soil phases have a trend that the solid phase increases in proportion and the transformation of air and liquid phases appears differences. Except for tourism activity intensity, activity type is the other factor which can affect the moisture of soil. When the activities intensity increasing, pH and organic of soil will be descending, and negative impacts will be brought to vegetation. To soil chemical property, the impact made by activity type is different from vegetation. Catering and lodging activities impact on the pH and the organic significantly. A significant impact comes from the activities of sport and recreation only gives to the organic. Comparing to other types, leisure and traffic activities have an insignificant impact. In addition, botanical height and cover receive significant impact respectively by catering and lodging, and recreation and traffic activities.(3) The resistance declines gradually from artificial lawn herbaceous vegetation to wilderness grassland herbaceous vegetation and undergrowth herbaceous vegetation, and the performance of resilience is in contrary with the resistance as the same as the sensitivity responding to trampling disturbance. There is a rigid influence to vegetation under the tourism trampling. Cumulative effect has a positive correlation with trampling intensity, and it also has temporality that exists in performances of cover and height of vegetation. The cover responds significantly in the middle period, but height in the initial period. Comparing to the cover, height of vegetation is more sensitive to tourism trampling.(4) Unilateral trampling of tourists is the main influence source of soil shape. It is an impetus for planar shape turned up that the area of node is much larger than that of chain. In the spatial distribution, the unilateral chain is the most uniform soil shape, and the bilateral node is the most concentrated. There are three stages in the evolution of soil shapes:linear stage, point and linear stage and planar stage. To soil conservation along the road, shrub is more beneficial comparing to arbor and herb. It is one of the reasons which lead to soil erosion that tourism trampling thins the topsoil out.(5) Tourism activity type is closely related to noisy, ornamental and recreational activities have significant impact on acoustic environment. The impact will abate by self-restraint actions of tourists when the activity site is cramped. Acoustic environment shows a positive correlation with tourism intensity. Its temporal change displays the M-style, and the quantitative relationship between tourists and noisy is: Leq=44.298+3.8741nN. In addition, female is more sensitive to noisy than male, and satisfaction of noisy doesn't show significant differences caused by sex. With the growth of age, tourist sensitivity increases more easily in contrast with satisfaction.