| Recently, conjugated polymers have been wildly applied in light-emitting diodes, nonlinear optics, solar cells because of its particular optoelectronic properties and electronic properties. Specifically, conjugated polymers have generated extensive study owing to its potential application in ultrasensitive chemo-and biosensors. Real-time and reversible measurement of chemical and biological information with high sensitivity and selectivity is one of the frontiers in sensor research. Two new water soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs)-pyridyl inserting poly(phenylene ethynylene) backbone with sufonate side chain have been synthesized; we observed that polymers were soluble in water owing to the sulfonate sidechain, and could amplify the response signal efficiently due to the molecular wire property; physics and optical properties of the polymers in different solvents were investigated. A new detection method for metal ions (such as:Cu2+, Ag+) and small biological molecular (GSH for example) was developed based on these new anion water soluble conjugated polymers.The main contents of our research were summarized in the following:1. For the first time, two new water soluble conjugate polymers P1, P2-pyridyl inserting poly(phenylene ethynylene) backbone with sufonate side chain were synthesized based on the Sonogashira coupling reaction and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, Viscometry and TGA.2. The impact of structure modification on physical and optical properties has been investigated; UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra were employed to study their optical properties and cation detections. The results indicate that P1 with pyridyl group entrapped in the conjugated backbone in a certain proportion could effectively modify the rigidity of the conjugated main chains and improve the sensitivity of the Cu2+ detection. The fluorescence quenching of P1 by Cu2+ is about 221 times greater than that of model monomer.3. A new analytical method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of silver ion based on the water soluble conjugated polymer. In aqueous solution, the high sensitivity of the detection of sliver ion as well as the excellent selectivity can be achieved by P1. The linear range of silver detection was 3.0×10-9M～1.0×10-6M and 5.0×10-6M～2.7×10-5M and the detection limit was 1 nM. The advances of the method were attributed to the unique interaction between the silver ion and pyridyl. The aggregated state of polymer in water can amplify its quenching efficiency.4. A new method was developed for the rapid determination of glutathione (GSH), based on the fluorescence recovery of water soluble conjugated polymer by the competitive interaction of GSH and Ag+. It was reported for the first time that the fluorescence enhancement of water soluble conjugated polymer was used for the detection of GSH. The linear range of GSH detection was 0.5×10-6 M～4.0×10-6M and 2.5×10-5 M～5.5×10-5 M and the detection limit was 1×10-7M. The optimum condition and the fundamental interaction were discussed. This rapid and simple method is conveniently to be applied to detect GSH in real samples.
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