Micro-nano Integrated Sensor And Its Applications For Heavy Metal Ions

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most critical components of water pollution. These anions in natural water bodies have become not only a direct threat to the envi-ronment and human health, but a severe damage to finance and economics. It is rather urgent and important to monitor heavy metal contaminations in situ for diverse water bodies, agricultural areas, urban and industrial plants. This thesis concentrates on the research of electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions in aquatic environments, oriented to the possible applications of wireless chemical sensor network.This thesis firstly introduces the status quo about heavy metal pollution of water environment, on-site analytical techniques and sensors for trace detection. The devel-opments of wireless chemical sensor networks show their benefits and challenges. Nanoband electrode arrays (NEA) are designed with kinds of experiments for heavy metal ions.Then the principles of Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensor (LAPS) are in-troduced with its physical model, simulations, signal measurement and working me-chanism of selective thin-film membrane. Therefore, PVC-LAPS and ChG-LAPS are fabricated and studied with system optimization of supporting electrolytes. Zn(â…¡), Pb(â…¡), Cu(â…¡) and Hg(â…¡) are measured in individual LAPS or structured LAPS array.This thesis also provides a novel design of multi-functional electrochemical and photovoltaic compound chip for water environment monitoring in a wireless sensor network. Microelectrode arrays and LAPS are located on the same chip to build up an artificial tongue as the core component of sensor nodes. PDMS is used for fabricating the microfluidic system. The performance and model of self-calibration on chip are concisely studied and described.