The Electrodeposition Of Morphological Cu₂O Via Colloidal Crystal Template And The Fabrication Of Photonic-crystal Point Defects

The fabrication of three-dimensional ordered porous materials with defined morphology via colloidal crystal template and the further research about the effect of colloidal crystal template on the morphology of low-dimensional materials is a totally new issue with scientific significance and it is a useful expanding for the morphology of crystal. It also has a good value on applications. Its structure is different from the structure of the inverse opal photonic crystal, which make it can be used to fabricate specific structure, such as defect and heterostructure, in photonic crystal.Therefore, high-quality colloidal crystal template was fabricated by vertical deposition method in this paper. Through electrochemical deposition method, Cu2O crystal was electrodeposited from down to up on ITO with and without colloidal crystal template. We can control the growth habit of Cu2O by modifying potential, pH value and additive and successfully fabricate various morphologies of Cu2O with ordered pores, including cubic and octahedral shapes and facet and branching shapes. Cu2O can grow through the interstice among microspheres of colloidal crystal and keep its original habit. By comparing the morphology of Cu2O with and without template, we study the effect of colloidal crystal template on the growth of electrodeposition of Cu2O. We also find that the template has the ability to modify the tendency of branching or facing, which was achieved by the hindering H+ and Cu+. Finally we are able to control the morphology of electrodeposition Cu2O.On this basis, for the first time we successfully fabricate the point defect with particular shape, even the complex shape, in inverse opal structural photonic crystal in different materials system. Cu2O with defined shape was first electrodeposited in colloidal crystals template, and then other materials were infiltrated into the colloidal crystals. After the removal of template and Cu2O, we obtained the photonic crystal with point defect of specific shape. Other materials of photonic crystal with defect were also successfully fabricated by changing infiltrated materials, including colloidal crystal, TiO2,PMMA and Ni.