Preparation And Application Of Super-concentrated Hydrochloride Acid &preliminary Investigation On The Formation Mechanism Of Surfactant-based Gel

This report is as the basis of surfactant molecules self-assembled equipment and consist of two parts.1.We report the discovery of a new approach to the preparation of a potentially useful super-concentrated HCl at ambient temperature and pressure by using a simple surfactant-based reversed micelle system. Surprisingly, the molar ratios of HCl to H₂O (denoted as n_HCl /n_H2O) in reverse micelles can become as high as 5.26, while the maximum achievable n_HCl /n_H2O value for conventional saturated HCl solution (37 wt%) is only about 0.28. Furthermore, both NMR and IR results indicate that a significant amount of HCl remains in the molecular form rather than being ionized into H+ and Cl-. The super concentrated HCl may promote some useful organic reactions that are not feasible by using conventional 37 wt% HCl solution. Thus,it may provide potential opportunities in industrial important applications such as in acid-catalyzed reaction and organic synthsis.2. Recently, the research of the mechanism on the formation of gallstones is mainly in vitro, since gallstones is the accumulation in gel based on a small molecule in bile. But it is still a challenge for people to understand the structure and formation mechanism of small surfactant-based gel molecule. Based on this premise, we have studied the mechanism of formation about the gel based on surfactant and organic solvents and water. In this study we prepare a Low-molecule-gel that is composed of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), water and organic solvents. Based on the experimental result of XRD and titration, we find that CTAB in gel are more than in saturated CTAB solution but CTAB is not solide in gel. CTAB is not solvented in CCl4 and heptane. The solubility of CTAB in saturated CTAB solution is limited. So we suppose that CTAB is a synergistically solubilized by water and organic solvents in the gel. In addition, both NMR and FTIR spectroscopic results demonstrate that CTAB cations form a quasi-ordered structure in the gel. The CTAB-H₂O-heptane gel structure is a three-dimensional network structure. The CTAB-H₂O-CCl₄ gel based on small-angle X-ray scattering result is a layered structure of the small molecule gel.