The Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Of Novel Porous Carbon

Porous carbon materials with high surface and numerous nanoscale pore channels are attracting much attention because of their unique applications in catalysis, optics, electrics, magnetism, nanotechnology, and energy storage et al. It has been a new and advancing industry. To solve the present energy and environmental problems caused by fossil fuels, considerable attention has been paid to the researchers on hydrogen and lithium storage materials and supercapacitor electrode materials. So far porous carbon material is the ideal material among all energy storage materials.The porous composite materials with several functional actions are attracting the increasing attention. Varsities of synthetic techniques, i.e. Sol-Gel, Hydrothermal, Ultrasonic, Nanocasting, Coating, Grafting et al. have been used to prepare porous carbon materials by soft-template or hard-template route. However, many challenges and difficulties need to be overcome in the large-scale production and application of ordered mesoporous materials. The synthetic methods with simple, fast, inexpensive and environmental-friendly properties must be developed to obtain the porous carbon materials with high quality, i.e. high thermal and hydrothermal stability. The potential function of the different porous carbon materials should be studied in detail for their widely application in energy storage field.Ordered mesoporous carbon with high surface has already attracted much attention because of their numerous potential applications in hydrogen storage, macromolecule catalytic reaction and electrode material. Many surface modifications and treatments have been done to porous carbon materials. We use FDU-14 which is newly synthesized by organic-organic self-assembly method as the matrix. We obtained N and Cu cooperatively functionalized mesoporous resin and carbon materials with discontinuous cubic structure in a sort of special inorganic solution. Their highest surface area is 439 m2/g and highest pore volume is 0.34cc/g. The highest hydrogen and lithium storage are respectively 130.8 mAh/g and 170 mAh/g. The results indicated that the capacity of mesoporous carbon is higher than the mesoporous resin. And also the capacity of mesoporous carbon which is modified by N and Cu is higher than the ones which are not.In chapter 3, several kinds of porous carbon were directly synthesized by calcining paper and biomass etc. at high temperature. XRD and TEM indicated that these materials are disordered porous carbon materials with many nanochannels of different sizes. They have the ability of electrochemical hydrogen storage. And the porous carbon material made by toasting corn stem may be a good electrode material of double layer capacitance. In order to further improve the hydrogen storage of the porous carbon materials, KOH activation of porous carbon was studied. The results showed that the hydrogen capacities of materials which have been activated by KOH are obviously higher than those which haven't. The biggest increase is 67.3%. This method is simple, fast, lost-cast, environmentally and is propitious to industrialization.In chapter 4, we prepared porous carbon materials with Fe doped using straight dipping process. They are good adsorbing material because of their superparamagetism. Their highest hydrogen and lithium capacities are respectively 113.3mAh/g and 234.5mAh/g. And as the contents of Fe increase, the hydrogen capacities increase.