| Taihu Lake Basin with good natural conditions and location has always been one of China's economically developed regions. In recent years, coupled with the continuous deepening of China's reform and opening up, the ever-changing science and technology, the economy and society of Taihu Lake Basin has obtained more rapid development. But at the same time, the ecological environment of Taihu Basin, especially its water environment has encountered the serious destruction particularly. The government has put in the massive manpower and resources to carry on the pollution of Tai Lake, but with little effect. In the reports of party's 17th congress proposed for the first time"the construction of ecological civilization", this to fundamentally seek solves the Tai Lake contamination concern to provide the turning point.In this paper, the Marxist view of nature and ecological civilization and the ecological theory is a methodological basis of this study. And using dialectical analysis, literature research methods, data analysis, system analysis method elaborate the concept of ecological civilization, its content, and its features, and the dialectical relationship among ecological civilization, material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization and analyze the reasons for imbalance of Taihu Lake aquatic environment detailedly. Finally, the writer combines ecological civilization theory with Taihu Lake Basin aquatic ecological civilization construction. From the way of thinking, government functions, economic operation mode and the public's environmental awareness, the writer propose the specific countermeasures which is to build the Taihu Lake Basin aquatic ecological civilization. This study hopes to be able to provide useful inspiration for promoting the Taihu Lake Basin's economic, social and ecological harmonious development, then in order to achieve the sustainable development of this basin aquatic ecological civilization.
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