| With the rapid development of nanotechnology exploitation across the medical, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, engineering, manufacturing, telecommunications, and information technology markets, manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) are being increasingly used, and consequently the potential for their release into the environment is increasing. One of the major obstacles is quantitative determination of MNPs in environmental matrix. Difficulties in measuring MNPs are related to measuring trace levels against a high background of natural colloids. In comparison with other analytical methods, radiotracer techniques (141Ce) have many advantages, such as high sensitivity, good accuracy, and time saving. Moreover, isotopic tracers can easily distinguish the en-dogenous and exogenous sources of elements of interest in samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such study on the behavior of metallic oxide nanoparticles in simulated aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this test was to show an efficient method to catch the trace of the MNPs, and it can be useful in decreasing the potential effect of the MNPs to environment and human health. The usual way the exogenous substances enter into hunman body is though breathing, feeding, skin penetration and intravenous injection among which breathing is probably the uppermost way to accumulate the nanoparticles. Presently most of the relative researches are carried out on bacterial or cellular level, but the individual feedback of animals is seldom put into research. To recognize the toxicity of nano ceria and ytterbia to mice we study the pulmonary injury, reaction of the secondary target organs, and biodistribution of these particles. In our testy, we found that nano-ceria and nano-ytterbia had caused varying degrees of damage on the mice lungs and other secondary organs, and further confirmed that the nanoparticles can enter the brain through the olfactory nerve pathway resulting in a high level of MDA in the olfactory bulbs.
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