| With the rapid development of chemical industry, various problems caused by environmental pollutions have been brought about in our world past two decades. To solve the environmental problem has become a global concern. Synthetic dyes are an important class of chemical products, China's annual production of dyes up to 0.3 million tons, about one-third of total output in the world. Various synthetic dyestuff make printing textiles weave unprecedented colorful for modern people daily life. However, many synthetic dyes can be easily absorbed by human sweat gland and continuously accumulate in our body. That long-term exposure to these harmful synthetic dyes and intermediates may cause cancer, teratogenic and mutation chronic toxicity, which endanger human health. The discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater can cause large scope of the chroma pollution and chemical pollution on surface and underground water in our earth, even damage the ecological environment. China is one of the dyeing textile trade powers of consumption, inport and export trades. In the economic globalization, facing the surges of green waves and various trade barriers, to develop and perfect the effective fast analytical methods of dyes become an effective way for controling the harmful substances of the dye products. It is a common urgent task in front of the chemical and environmental researchers.The new liquid chromatography coulped diode array detection and mass spectrometric methods (LC/DAD/MS) were developed for simultaneous determinating of direct dyes in dyeing woven cotton fabrics and water. With the help of high sensitivity and selectivity of mass spectrometry, the established methods make us of the effective separation of chromatography and of reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis with simplify sample pretreatment and at low cost. In addition, the interaction between BSA and five direct dyes were studied by fluorescence spectroscopic method so as to understand the toxicological aspects of direct dyes to life body. The main content is as follows:1 First of all, the kinds and application of our country's synthetic dyes, the environmental migration way of dyes and their intermediates, the pollution to environmenl and harmfulness to human body were introduced, and then focused on the recent progress review of their analytical methods, and the necessity of developing new methods was elaborated. All works contribute as current research base.2 Direct dyes is a kind of water-soluble dyes containing sulfonic groups. The dyes can easily be colorized to cotton fabrics with bright colors, resistance to bask, but poor wash fastness, highly abosorbed by our sweat glands. A simple, rapid and sensitive ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography with diode array detector was developed for the determination of direct dyes, including C.I. Direct Violet 12, C.I. Direct Red 28, C.I. Direct Orange 26, C.I. Direct Black 38, C.I. Direct Yellow 12,C.I. Direct Green 6 in dyeing cotton fabrics samples. The chromatographic separation was carried on a Lichrospher C-18 column by using methanol-acetonitrile-5mmol/L tetrabutylammonium bromide (pH=5.0) at a volume ratio of 10:50:40 and a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. Their linear ranges were 0.96-493.00mg/L,0.12-119.93 mg/L,0.43-444.37 mg/L,0.19-199.30 mg/L, 0.41-425.21 mg/L and 0.63-323.17, respectively. The average recoveries were 92.4%-95.6%,93.0%-98.2%,95.7%-96.3%,98.6%-103.5%,99.3%-101.2% and 93.5%-95.6%. The detection limts were 6.8mg/Kg,0.8mg/Kg,4.4mg/Kg, 2.6mg/Kg,4.6mg/Kg and 5.2mg/Kg for dyeing samples, respectively. The results showed that the method is sensitive and wide for linear range. It should be suitable as a fast and sensitive analysis for the above direct dyes.3 The direct dyes and their intermediates have water-solubility and highy migration in dyeing wastewater. A new method for the determination of eight direct dyes in wastewater was developed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The mass sepctrometric detection was performed by electro-spray in negative mode with selective ion scan ([M-2Na]2-, [M-4Na+2H]2-, [M-2Na+H]-). It was used to quantitatively determine C.I. Direct Blue 1, C.I. Direct Brown 1, C.I. Direct Violet 12, C.I. Direct Red 28, C.I. Direct Red 23, C.I. Direct Red 31, C.I. Direct Orange 26 and C.I. Yellow 12 in wastewater. The sensitivity and selectivity of this method were improved by the subsection acquisition of the selected ion monitoring. The chromatographic separation was performed by using a volatile methanol-acetonitrile-10mmol/L ammonium formate buffers (30:20:50, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The calibration curves for eight directdyes were rather linear over a range of were 0.46-116.98mg/L,0.50-256.6mg/L,0.67-687.44mg/L, 0.48-492.89mg/L,0.13-32.86mg/L,0.53-538.61mg/L,0.35-178.30mg/L and 0.50-128.43mg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were from 93.8% to 104.0% by standard spiking. The results showed that the proposed method is sensitive, simple for pretreatment and wide for linear range. It should be suitable as a fast and sensitive analysis for the above direct dyes in wastewater.4 The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and five common direct dyes were studied by fluorescence spectrometric and Uv-vis spectroscopic methods. Some factors, such as the pH values, common organic solvents and surfactants were also investigated. The results indicated that BSA can combine with direct dyes in 1:1 type of complex, and a quenching fluorescenitc spectrum of BSA was accompanied following common static quenching mechanism. Some binding constants and thermodynamic parameters (ΔHθ>ΔSθ和ΔGθ)of BSA with the dyes were obtained at different temperatures. The distance of their binding sites were determined by the calculation according to the theory of Forster's non-radiative energy transfer. Based on the results analysis, it could be concluded that the static charge interaction was the main combination forces between BSA and the five direct dyes. The action forces depend on different chemical structures of direct dyes. It can help us to understand the potential biochemical toxicity of the directdyes.
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