Patulin Distribution In Lesioned Apples And It's Removing Efficacy By Washing And Cider Resin Adsorption

Distributions of patulin in Fuji, Guoguang and Huangxiangjiao apple that were inoculated with Penicillium expansum were studied; Removal effects of patulin in apple with NaOH, NaClO, Na2O2, KMnO4 and in cider by LSA-900B, XDA-600, LS-803, LS-806/LSF-500, HPD-850, DM-2, DM-3, LKS01 adsorption resin were studied and LSA-900B's working conditions were determined.The results showed that, in apples with lesion of 1,2 and 3㎝, the concentration of patulin to the fruit weight is increased with its lesion diameter increasing. The concentration of patulin in the whole Fuji apple with 1㎝, 2㎝and 3㎝ diameter lesion is 0.159μg/g, 0.186μg/g and 0.280μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in the whole Guoguang apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝diameter lesion is 0.038μg/g, 0.224μg/g, 0.284μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in the whole Huangxiangjiao apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝diameter lesion is 0.170μg/g, 0.240μg/g, and 0.387μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in the whole Guoguang apple is the lowest among three specieses with 1㎝ diameter lesion; the concentrations of patulin in the whole apple are without significant difference when 2㎝diameter lesioned; the concentration of patulin in the whole Huangxiangjiao apple is the highest when 3㎝ diameter lesioned. The concentration of patulin in the decayed apples is the highest in the lesion areas, and the concentration is lowering with the distances to the lesions increased. The concentration of patulin in the rotting flesh of Fuji apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝ diameter lesion is 1.193μg/g, 1.545μg/g and 1.488μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in the rotting flesh of Guoguang apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝diameter lesion is 2.538μg/g, 1.762μg/g and 1.641μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in the rotting flesh of Huangxiangjiao apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝ diameter lesion is 1.366μg/g, 1.106μg/g and 1.262μg/g respectively. The percentage of patulin in the rotting flesh is increased with the expanding of the lesion, however, most of patulin had spread to healthy flesh, therefore, the percentage of patulin in healthy flesh is higher than that of rotting flesh. And the concentration of patulin in healthy flesh is increased with the expanding of the lesion. The concentration of patulin in healthy flesh of Fuji apple with 1㎝, 2㎝and 3㎝diameter lesion is 0.151μg/g, 0.161μg/g and 0.210μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in healthy flesh of Guoguang apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝diameter lesion is 0.029μg/g, 0.195μg/g and 0.182μg/g respectively. The concentration of patulin in healthy flesh of Huangxiangjiao apple with 1㎝, 2㎝ and 3㎝ diameter lesion is 0.163μg/g, 0.219μg/g and 0.314μg/g respectively.The rotting flesh of apple can be effectively removed by washing, however, the patulin that had spread to healthy flesh can not be effectively removed.Eight resins have significantly absorpted patulin in the cider. Static adsorption ratio of Pat by LSA-900B,LS-803 and XDA-600 resins at 50℃is 92.55%,90.67% and 89.01% respectively. Ethyl acetate was used to desorb Pat from afore mentioned three resins. The desorption ratio is 75.91%,58.37% and 75.67% respectively. Asorption and desorption between three resins showed no difference at significant test (P>0.05). Three resins are available to remove Pat from cider during processing. Absorbance, color value, light transmittance and turbidity of the cider after resin disposal were significantly improved. Meanwhile losses of sugar and acidity in the cider were relatively smaller. The best conditions for resin LSA-900B adsorption were determined by means of orthogonal regression test. The results showed that, the order of the test factors that affect the adsorption is concentration> flow velocity> pH. The adsorption ratio could reach to the maximum at 77.90% under the consition of the concentration 144.24μg/L, pH 2.35, velocity 1.35BV/h. The regression equation of the adsorption ratio (Y) to the concentration (X1) and the velocity (X3) isY=0.0380X₁²+0.0270X₃²-0.0268X₁X₃-0.0823X₁-0.0489X₃+0.5956 (R²=9594). Dynamic adsorption curve about the LSA-900B resin showed that patulin can be absorbed in the previous phase, however, the capacity of adsorption will reduce rapidly with the increase of the amount of patulin absorbed.