The Rapid Toxicity Testing Based On Luciferase And The Study Of On-line Toxicity Biosensor

With the increasing awareness of envrionment protection and the worsen of the environment quality, there is a growing need for effective envrionment monitoring techniques to estimate the potential risks caused by the pollutants. However, the classic environment monitoring techniques, such as the physical or chemical methods, can only detect the species and concentration of the pollutants, and they cannot tell the toxity as well as the influence on the health directly. To achieve the purpose of rapid response and early warning, the rapid toxicity testing and on-line real-time environmental monitoring had been payed more attention.In this thesis, the method of acute toxicity testing was established based on luciferase bioluminescence. The toxicity of several typical compounds was detected by the established method. The results showed that sensitity was higher than the method of lumiensent bacterial and the test could be completed in 5 minutes.We also developed a biosensor, based on luminescent bacteria of biological sensitive component, to achieve the water quality on-line toxicity monitoring. The luminescent bacteria were immobilized by calcium alginate, and the conditions of immobilization were optimized. We established the toxicological monitoring mode through detecting the single and binary joint toxicity of the several typical compounds (Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, nitrobenzene, phenol), optimized the operating parameters and functions, monitored field water samples.To overcome the stability, another system was established. The results showed that the addition of 6% trchalose to the bacterial suspension could effectively maintain the activity and sensitivity, and the system can mornitor the water quality for at least one week long.