| Cyperus esculentus(CE) L.Var.Sativus, a plant of Cyper genus in sedge family, is a kind of high quality, high yield, comprehensive valuable utilization in oil and food, animal husbandry, fat multi-functional economy crop, it has great development value. The research was analyzed the activity components of CE whole plant in Xinjiang. Based on the experiment used the different method study Cyperus esculentus oil(CEO) the extraction, optimized the optimal process paramete and analyzed the fat content and the fatty acid compositions in CEO.Through used the different method study Cyperus esculentus starch(CES), and used to optimize the technology; the analysis of the composition, the pellet characteristic, stick on the CES and digestibility.This research the Xinjiang CE resources superiority will transform as the favorable economic conditions, the development CE in food, raising livestock, biological energy applications and so on ,and has provided the theory basis, for the CEO, the CES's industrial production has provided the technical support. The research was analyzed the activity components of CE whole plant in Xin jiang with water extraction, ethanol extraction, petroleum techniques.The result that the table varnishes in the CE leaf, the root and the tuber includes the rich active constituent, in the CE tuber also includes the rich trace element. Passed through has carried on the entire analysis to Xinjiang soybean entire, has provided the theory basis for the oil sha bean's development use.The experiment used solvents extraction and aqueous enzymatic extraction study CEO the extraction. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal test,the process parameters were optimized as follows: material / liquid ratio (g /mL)1:12, extracting temperature 60℃and extracting time 2 hours,under the optimal conditions, the oil yield reached 89.68%. Through orthogonal test, the optimal process parameters were optimized as follows: ratio of material to solvent 1:6, dosage of enzyme 2.5% ,temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis 50℃and time 6 h, under the optimal conditions, the oil yield reached 74.68%. Using of water enzymatic freeze-thaw technology integration, the oil yield more reached 82.54%, and were not solvent. A technology of preparing CEO provided the raw materials for the next experiment on the preparation of its starch.GC-MS Analysis indicated that the oil from non-freeze-thaw CE was rich in unsaturated fatty acid in 86.2%, in which the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid were 10.04% and 75.90%, respectively. And the oil from freeze-thaw CE was rich in unsaturated fatty acid in 86.44%, linoleic acid and oleic acid were 10.16% and 75.75%, fatty acid composition was no significant difference. By the physical constants and chemical analysis that non-freeze-thaw CE and freeze-thaw ones was no significant difference. Explain freeze-thaw technique improves the CE extraction yield, but did not chang CEO quality, and without solvent residual. Therefore, the experiment determined enzymatic-freeze-thaw technology for CEO for the best extraction technology.Simultaneously used alkaline and acid solvent separates the starch from the Cyperus esculentus meal (CEM). Through single factor experiment and orthogonal test,alkaline solvent preparation method were optimized as follows:material / liquid ratio (g /mL)1:15, sedimentation time 4 hours and pH 10. Acid solvent preparation method were optimized as follows: material / liquid ratio (g /mL)1:20, sedimentation time 3 hours and pH 3. Under this optimum preparation conditions, the yield of starch was 88.98% and 83.49% ,respectively.The extraction rate of starch was more with alkaline solvent preparation method.Then taking the potato starch as the reference, has studied the nature which the CES composition, the pellet characteristic and stick. The results indicated that amylose contents of CES are 16.18%, and amylopectin are 83.82%. Starch - iodine compound of CE visible absorption spectral the maximum absorption peaks 620nm place, absorption value is 0.104. The starch granules of CE were mostly spherical and oval with irregular in few one. Obvious birefringence also was observed. The pellet average grain diameter is 8.60μm, particle size scope 3.41~12.12 am .The diffraction pattern of X-ray showed A-type crystals with the crystallinity of 10.36%, and the relative content of non crystallinity was 89.64%, three crystal peak's relative percentage respectively is: 2.49%th, 6.68%, 1.19%. The swelling power and solubility were little various with temperature—changing, which overall trend was moderate enhancing with temperature rising, the most between 80℃and 90℃.Cyperus esculentus starch's gelatinization temperature is 80.9℃, and setup values is 263BU, peak viscidity is 249BU. CES freeze-thaw stability slightly higher than the potato starch, but light transmittance below potato starch. Though CES's digestibility experiment. The result showed the CES includes the slow digestive starch less than the ordinary corn starch, may take the ideal slow digestion material.
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