| The fossil energy crisis and the environmental pollution problems makes it become more and more urgent to study the alternative energy. Biomass fuel is a kind of renewable clean energy and its physical and chemical properties are similar to petroleum diesel. So biomass fuel is considered as an ideal alternative fuel for petroleum diesel.In order to understand the change rule of combustion and emission characteristics of the biomass fuel and diesel, optimize the applying technology of biomass fuel. In this paper, on the basis of deep understanding of biomass fuel’s physical and chemical propertie.In accordance with the requirements of its parameter indexes a set of atomization combustion system has been designed and built. Especially optimize the parameters of combustion Chambers and burners. Fuel vaporization and atomization performance indicators (density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, distillation range) were determined. The results showed that, due to the density of biomass fuel, kinematic viscosity, flash point and distillation range higher than diesel, so its performance than diesel fuel vaporization and atomization is poor, or by preheating the biomass fuel and diesel fuel to reconcile the use can be improved and evaporated atomization performance. Calorific value of biomass fuel is lower than diesel, but biodiesel cetane number higher than diesel, so when compared with fossil diesel has better ignition performance and shorter ignition delay, combustion process helps to reduce the NOx emission. Biomass fuel and diesel cold flow properties and cleaning, corrosion was measured, cold flow properties of biodiesel to meet the requirements of-10# diesel. In addition to cooking oil, the sulfur content of several other biomass fuels lower than diesel, with excellent environmental performance.In this paper, combustion and emission characteristics were investigated in a small industrial furnaces.The following fuel was used:the Jatropho oil and its biodiesel, the waste cooking oil and its biodiesel and 0#diesel. The variation of exhaust temperature and the concentrations of CO and NO in flue gas was studied on the condition biomass fuel and diesel under the different oil pressure, excess air coefficient, different fuel temperature and Rich oxygen concentration. With the increase of oil pressure and oil temperature, biomass fuel and diesel’s CO emission and exhaust temperature reduced gradually, NO emission gradually rise. The CO concentration decreased at first then increased with the increase of a, CO concentration was the opposite trend. And the biomass fuel optimal combustion conditions and ratio of biodiesel fuel were determined. CO emissions from biodiesel is lower than diesel, but animal fat is higher than diesel. NOx emissions from biomass fuel were higher than diesel. Preheating of biodiesel, increase the oil pressure, adjust suitable excess air coefficient and oxygen-enriched state can improve the effect of combustion.
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