Study On The Selection And Reaction Conditions Of Catalysts For One - Step Hydrogenation Of Oil And Oil

Rapid industrial development has led to the now prosperous economy, but also caused irreversible ecological and environmental problems and fuel crisis. Humans began desperately look for ways to ease this crisis and improve the environment. Biomass energy is similar to fossil fuels in composition, and it attracted the attention of humans, after a long exploration process, preparation of alternative fuels from biomass to be the most promising approach, especially with inedible oils as raw materials. In recent years, the airline industry is booming, but also facing increasing responsibilities for environmental protection, so clean aviation fuel is airline industry desperately desire.Although the oil substitute for fossil fuel has a long history, but techniques prepared fuels similar to fossil fuel in components with oils are being the development culmination, this technology not only can gradually substitute oil and energy, and also has very good environmental benefit. At the beginning, preparation of petroleum based fuels need two steps, first is unsaturated fats to be saturated fats by hydrogenation, and to obtain alkane by catalytic deoxygenation; second step, catalyzed selective isomerization and cracking to product hydrocarbon-based products needed. Two-step operation is complicated and high energy consumption, so to begin studying one-step ways directly access to high quality hydrocarbon-based fuels.。The core with One-step preparation of aviation kerosene for components is building of catalysts and selection of the optimum reaction conditions, the goal is to achieve the deoxygenation and selective isomerization of cracking oil, mainly get C8 ~ C16 hydrocarbon components. Therefore, this study explores over 30 new catalysts in the early, and its catalytic conversion process, explore the optimum conditions. In the early of laboratory experiments, used methyl oleate as feeds and used percentage of total hydrocarbons and C8~C16 hydrocarbons to determine the catalysts is good or not, at last, we obtained a new catalyst: composite carrier made up by Al2O3 and BET zeolite, Palladium as active metal. The experiment using a batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, Jatropha oil and rubber seed oil was studied in mild reaction conditions range, five control factors affecting results were studied: temperature, pressure, oil/catalyst(wt), reaction time and stirring speed. At last, this study determined the function of the factors and the optimal reaction conditions using optimization experiment. The process of experiment, research methods and experimental results can build a better ways to improve the catalysts and explore the oil reactions corresponding.Single-factor experimental design was carried out at first to study the five factor, and looked for a best condition. The best reaction conditions determined by single factors experiment is: for small Jatropha Curcas oil: reaction temperature, 300 ℃, hydrogen points pressure, 2.5MPa, oil/catalyst, 30:1, reaction time, 5h, stirring speed, 100rpm; for rubber seed oil: reaction temperature is at 310 ℃, hydrogen points pressure is at 3MPa, oil/catalyst is 15:1, reaction time is 5h, stirring speed is at 100 rpm. At the best reaction conditions, the results of Jatropha Curcas oil were: total hydrocarbon class content is 95.15%, C8~C16 hydrocarbon is 73.06%; the results of rubber seed oil were: total hydrocarbon class content is 99.23%, C8 ~ C16 hydrocarbon is 70.52%. At the following, Jatropha Curcas oil is selected as representative material, three a factors with significantly effects: temperature, and hydrogen pressure, and stirring speed, to carried out the following optimization experiment, obtained a reliable model, and determined the best corresponding reaction conditions: reaction temperature for 310 ℃, hydrogen pressure for 2.48 MPa, stirring speed for 86.17 rpm. Experimental results were expected at this condition: for total hydrocarbon class content, 99.20%, C8~C16 hydrocarbon is 74.72%. In order to verify the reliability of the model, the result of test experiment at this condition: total hydrocarbon, 99.98%, C8~C16 is 73.86%. It implies the model is reliable.