The Study Of Orbit Design And Control Method For Frozen Orbit Satellite

Based on the special requirements of frozen orbit satellite, this thesis studied the characteristics of low-medium altitude satellite, discussed the method of orbit element determination, and analyzed detailed implementation method of frozen, covering, regressive and descending time in orbit design. This thesis illustrated the principle and method of orbit design in constrained conditions. A detailed example was given.Based on the Lagrange orbit dynamic formulas, the effect of earth oblateness perturbation, atmospheric drag and solar gravitation was analyzed. Through proper simplifying, simple orbit dynamic model of satellite were set up.Based on the Liu Lin formulas, analytical solution method was adopted to deduce orbit elements. Average elements and instantaneous elements of satellite orbit were studied, and their characteristic and changing principle were also illustrated. The simulation was made.Based on the simple dynamic models, this thesis has deduced the computational technique of orbit control and studied the control problem of frozen orbit satellite. Orbit control is divided into in-plane and out-plane control.In order to guarantee the characteristics of frozen orbit, in-plane orbit control needs to adjust the semi-major axis, eccentricity, argument of perigee simultaneously. Through computation and simulation of orbit capture and orbit maintenance, it has demonstrated that the method of a,e,ω united control can achieve high precision result, it is feasible in practical application.Compare with traditional method of adjusting the parameters of a,e,ω respectively, the method of united control has the advantage of less control times and saving fuel. The thesis analyzed the evolution of semi-major axis and ground track in long term. The method of using over-control was proposed, it can utilize passive control, save fuel and decrease the times of active control.For out-plane control, this thesis deduced inclination maneuver computational formulas, and the simulation was made.Through the study of satellite orbit characteristics and analytics of orbit control mission, this thesis put forward that orbit design and orbit control are independent, but in some degree arecorrelative. Utilizing the characteristics of the orbit itself, a reasonable orbit was designed, the passive control scheme was proposed and the function of orbit control can be achieved. It is meaningful to optimize orbit design and simplify orbit control mission, and it will be the trend of orbit control in the future.