Study On The Risk Factor Of Traffic Accident Injury

Background and Objectives When more and more motor vehicles running on the highway, traffic accident has become one of the most serious public security problems which endanger the human beings' lives. Currently, traffic accident is an important cause of death and the disabled and invalid. In our country, the episodes of injury and death from traffic accident are high all the way. According to the data provided by police ministry traffic management bureau, the total number of traffic accidents has increased from 290,000 in 1986 to 770,000 in 2002 in our country, with the average incidence increased by 6.3% per year. Some developed countries have launched investigations on the risk factors of traffic accident injury. And they have implemented some strategies and policies against the harm from traffic accident. But developing countries couldn't copy these policies because of the differences of the mechanization degree, roadway condition and culture background between developed countries and developing countries. In recent years, some studies on traffic accident have been carried out in our country to investigate the risk factors in traffic, but most of them were descriptive studies. So far, no study correlating the driver, the traffic condition and the culture background has been published. So our plan was designed to explain the relations between drivers, vehicles and surroundings in the process of traffic accidents, furthermore, identify the risk factors of traffic accident on the basis of Haddon's model and provide a scientific basis for our country to set up policies against traffic accident injuries.Methods Based on the theory of Haddon's model and the incidence of local traffic accident, we designed the 'questionnaire for injure from traffic accident'. The questionnaire was revised according to pre-investigation. Target population was presented with the same questions. Retrospective investigation and spot investigation was adopted in our study. We gather the data of patients with traffic accident injuries in a complex hospital from 2003.7 to 2004.3. The questionnaire consisted of the patients' sociological characteristics, the scene of traffic accident, roadway conditions,weather conditions, cause of accident, mechanism of accident, and so on. The data of wearing crash helmet was investigated among motor drivers. The data-base was set up with Visual Foxpro 6.0 after all the data was checked. And the data was description analyzed with SPSS 11.0 for Windows. The ISS system was used to evaluate the injury severity in our study. Non-condition logistic regression analysis was adopted in our study. The relations between wearing helmet and the degree of injure were analyzed by f-test.Resluts 1. The objects of our investigation added up to 331. Among the objects who were investigated: male 244 (73.72%), female 87 (22.28%), most of the injured people was at the age of 15~44. Male patients were more than female ones in every group divided by age. Most of the patients just received their educations in no more than junior high schools (62.84%). Most of the male patients were businessman and self-managers (71.72%), and most female ones were housewives (77.01%); 2. Mono-factor Non-condition logistic regression analysis indicates that brake and switch failure, drunk and tired drives, overspeed, offending the traffic rules, drive license, disorder of retailing spot, age, gender, the spot, correct training, road sign, illumination on a road are correlated to this kind of injury; 3. Multiple factor Non-condition logistic regression analysis indicates that brake and switch failure, drunk and tired drives, overspeed, offending the traffic rules, drive license, disorder of retailing spot are the risk factors of traffic injury, while age, gender, the spot, correct training, road sign, illumination on a road are protective factors; 4. Because of the amazing portion of injury during motor drive in the whole injured population (72.5% in this study), we had to analyze the relations between wearing helmet and the injury degree. The result showed that the objects who wore helmet suffered less injury than the ones who did not (t = 6.049, p=0.000) .Conclusion 1. Among the investigated patients, male are more than female. Most of the patients just received their educations in junior high schools or even primary school. Most of the male patients were businessman and self-managers, and most female ones were housewives.2. brake and switch failure, drunk and tired drives, overspeed, offending the traffic rules, drive license, disorder of retailing spotare the risk factors of traffic injury, while age, gender, the spot, correct training, road sign, illumination on a road are protective factors.3. The objects who wore helmet suffered less injury than the ones who did not.