| The hydraulic characteristics are important for evaluating whether the configuration at the intakes of hydraulic structures is reasonable. By means of the experiment, the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet-outlet have been studied, the vertical distribution of velocity, the discharge distribution in each passage, the head loss, the circulation flow and the inflow vortex are tested. The vortex ofen appears in hydro-engineering, which sometimes develops to air-core vortex and damage the hydraulic structure or hydro-machine. In this paper the critical submergence is studied to avoid the occurance of air-core vortex. Model experiment is a normal method to measure the hydraulic characteristics and the vortex disciplines at intakes of hydro-engineering. Based on the achievement of present investigation to study the hydraulic characteristics and critical submergence at the inlet-outlet of pumped-storage plant, the results obtained in this paper are valuable for the designs of similar projects. The main contents are as follows:1. To study the impacts of changing the configuration and location at intakes through the comparison of different scheme, and determine which is the suitable one.2. To study the impacts of river flow on the head loss, the vertical distribution of velocity, the discharge distribution in each passage, the circulation flow and the inflow vortex.3. To observe the impacts on critical submergence of intakes with two-direction flow with the river flow or different configuration and location.4. To determine the coefficient C of Gordon formula and F_r in the Pennion formula, and give the ranges of the coefficient C and the F_r.
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