Density Wave And Energy Consumption Of Optimal Velocity Model And Empirical Data Of Starting Time For Vehicles

With increasing traffic jams, energy consumption and traffic pollution are exerting great pressure on society and causing enormous economic losses. How to make effective use of existing transportation resources so as to improve the relationship between traffic demand and supply, and how to guide transport development and operation with the aid of scientific theories have become an important issue which draws general concern of the international community. Over the past decades, a lot of scholars in different fields have conducted extensive research on this subject and proposed a variety of traffic flow theories and models, yielded an enormous amount of results. In this dissertation, based on the existing car-following models of traffic flow, two improved multiple car-following models are presented. It is placed stress on the analysis of stability and energy consumption. The numerical simulation is good consistent with the corresponding theoretical analysis. Moreover, starting time for different vehicles is measured and analyzed. This dissertation consists of the following three main parts: (1) One type of "Multiple Look-ahead" optimal velocity car-following models proposed by Wilson et al is researched with perturbation theory. In unstable region, the non-linear characteristics of density wave are described by the mKdV equation. In phase diagram the theoretical analysis is coincident with the simulation value. Recently, Yuki Sugiyama et al. presented the traffic jams without bottlenecks-experimental evidence that the emergence of a traffic jam is a collective phenomenon, and a jam is generated spontaneously only if the average vehicle density exceeds the critical value. We often encounter a jam even if we have no apparent reasons such as traffic accidents or construction.(2) In the light of constructing a cooperative driving system with ITS, a kind of Multiple-Forward-Looking and Backward-Looking model is putted forward via improving the BLOV model presented by Nakayama et al; Moreover, considering multiple velocity difference ahead in traffic cooperative driving system, a new "Multiple Look-ahead" model is proposed. The stable criterion of these two improved model is derived by applying linear stability analysis, and the additional energy consumption of the whole car flow in the state of stability is analyzed, and the results have proved theoretically, the more stable traffic flow is, the low energy consumption of traffic is. In addition, the average energy consumption of each vehicle in congestion is investigated via utilizing kinetic energy theorem. (3) Considering the effect of driver's relaxation time on traffic flow, we choose a intersection and carry out the field measure of starting time for different vehicles, and obtain average starting time and its distribution.The final chapter of this dissertation is devoted to a summary and prospect offurther study for traffic flow.