Study On UAV Positioning Arithmetic Based On Celestial Navigation

Celestial Navigation has the advantages of high precise, simple and reliableequipment. It can not be limited by clime, airspace and time. Its orientation anddirection error will not be accumulated. And it can not be interfered or destroyed byman-made factors. Also, it is well-concealing, dependable and strongly-life-forced. Allof these advantages make it extensively used in seafaring, aviation and spaceflightnavigation or homing systems. The basic task of the unmanned aerial vehicle navigationsystem is to determine its place in the space, and at the same time leading it to fly underthe flight path. In this research, Celestial Navigation System is used to position for theunmanned aerial vehicle.In this research, the characteristic and the working theory of Celestial Navigation isintroduced. And the primary equipment of Celestial Navigation is mentioned. Thetheory of the unmanned aerial vehicle positioning is mainly analyzed, which is using thestar sensor to observe stars and the stars'imaging coordinate. Two different methods byobserving only one star or multi-stars to position for the unmanned aerial vehicle areanalyzed in series. Firstly the position arithmetic on observing multi-stars is analyzed.By observing three or more stars to get the stars'imaging coordinate, the equation ofcelestial localization is deduced. Combining with two existing methods to be comparedand be analyzed, the precise of positioning is improved a little. Secondly the arithmeticon only one star is discussed. In this research, the arithmetic on only one star is putforward, based on the arithmetic on observing multi-stars. Its positioning principle isanalyzed and the arithmetic is deduced. The unmanned aerial vehicle can be positionedby observing only one star. Celestial Navigation System can still work in the conditionof observing multi-stars incapably at the same time, accordingly the feasibility anddependability of this system is improved.In the end, the two positioning methods are simulated and analyzed in series.According to the practical flying condition, a design flight trace is included varioustypical flight movements to make real-time simulation testing. Under the planned flighttrace, the positioning results of this two methods is respectively analyzed without anyerror and with error to get the positioning error of the unmanned aerial vehicle and thepositioning precise is discussed. The feasibility of the two methods for the unmannedaerial vehicle is validated.