The Occurrence Regularity Of Parasitic Insects And The Genomic Analysis Of Three Mitochondrial Lines In Organic Apple Orchards

The major insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies, has more than 160,000 described species and a cosmopolitan distribution. Most of them are phytophagy and extremely important pests of agricultural and forestry. This thesis studied the species of leaf-roller moths and their occurrence regulation, and also, the species and occurrence regulation of their parasitic insects are studied. These researches have significant theoretical and practical meaning to biological control. Spilonota lechriaspis, Acleris fimbriana, Hoshinoa longicellana, Adoxophyes orana beijingensi and Telphusa chloroderces are the five leaf-roller moth species live in the organic apple orchard, among which Spilonota lechriaspis (78.6%) is the dominant species with two distinct eclosion fastigium. The parastic natural enemy insects of leaf-roller moths are Elodia flavipalpis, Chrysonotomyia spl. and Chrysonotomyia sp2..To further study the lepidopteran mitochondrial genome structures and their phylogenetic relationships, this thesis chose the complete mtgenomes of three notorious lepidopteran pests(Spilonota lechriaspis, Hoshinoa longicellana and Acleris fimbriana) of fruit trees as the research objects. By using the standard PCR, long PCR and molecular clone technologies, we determined and conducted annotation of the three complete mtgenomes, and discussed in detail from the entire genome, protein coding genes, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA, A+T-rich region and the non-coding and overlapping regions one by one, respectively. Each complete mtgenome of the three moths contains 37 genes and one A+T-rich region with the typical gene complement and order for lepidopteran mtgenomes. We have one important finding, there are some larger tandem repeats in the A+T-rich region of the three moths. Lastly, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships in Lepidoptera using the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes of 27 species with MrBayes v3.12 and then discussed in detail with morphological tree. The result shows that the six superfamilies (Tortricoidea, Pyraloidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, and Papilionoidea) are found to be monophyletic. And the estimated relationships within Tortricoidea are congruent with the previously proposed taxonomic relationships.