| With the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics, many molecular markers such as RFLP, SSR have been found, which can show the difference of species in the DNA level Those markers have been widely used in crops including rice. They have been used for genetic map construction, gene location, MAS, map-based cloning, germplasm resource polymorphism, fingerprinting map construction, phyloginetic evolution, etc. New problems that water resource becomes shorter and shorter in the world and that the rice production per hectare stops increasing challenge rice research. In order to solve those problems, research in upland rice should be strengthen, so that the yield potential and stability of upland rice production are increased, and the water amount for irrigation, which is one of the biggest water consumption, is decreased. The superior rice research which has been put into practice will result to new breakthrough of rice production, and make rice production increase dramatically. Rice plant type breeding is one of major contents in the superior rice research. Also panicle and leaf traits are important parts of plant type. Therefore this paper included two parts as follows 1. A set of recombinant inbred line (RIL) (F9) obtains from a cross between cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterility maintainer lines Zhenshan97B and restorer lines Minghui63 was planted in Hangzhou, China in 2000. It was consisted of 241 lines. Ten traits, including flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLWi), flag leaf weight (FLWe), the second upside-down leaf length (SLL), the second upside-down width (SLW1), the second upside-down leaf weight (SLWi), the third upside-down leaf length (TLL), the third upside-down leaf width (TLWI), the third upside-down leaf weight (TLWe) and panicle weight (PW), were measured. The genetic map with 221 markers was constructed by Crop Genetic Improvement National Key Laboratory in Huazhong Agricultural University. The markers included 175 RFLP markers, 45 SSR markers and 1 morphological marker. The main-effect QTLs and epistatic QTLs were analyzed by the software QTLMapper 1 .0. A total of 45 main-effect QTLs and 43 epistatic QTLs were detected. The main-effect QTLs distributed all other 11 chromosomes except the 8 chromosome, and each trait had 3 to 7 QTLs, whose total genetic contribution ranged from 27.8 1% to 5 1.47%. The genetic contribution of each QTL ranged from 3.19% to 26.23%, and there were only 7 QTLs whose genetic contribution were above 15%, 10 QTLs whose genetic contribution were smaller than 5%. The 43 epistatic QTLs distributed in all 12 chromosomes, most of which didn have significant interaction effect except 17 QTLs. These interactions most occurred between unlinked ackground loci. Only 2 pairs occurred between main-effect QTLs and 15 pairs occurred between main-effect loci and unlinked ackground loci. These information is helpful to explain the genetic mechanism of rice leaf, and provide theoretical foundation for rice plant type breeding and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding. 2. 18 upland rice varieties, which had been detected in drought shed, had different drought-resistance level. Including the contrast varieties, Lemont(iaponica) and Teqing (Indica), 20 varieties DNA was extracted and amplified using 63 SSR primers. Their electrophoresis polymorphism maps were obtained and analyzed. The number of polymorphic band ranged from 2 to 6. The polymorphic index of SSR primers ranged from 0.225 to 0.808. Cluster analysis was carried...
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