Evaluation Of The Current Status Of Fertilizer Application In Hebei Province

The study evaluated the present situation of fertilizing practice, nutrient balance, the environmental problems those were caused by over applying nitrogen fertilizer and the environmental education by surveyed peasants randomly in Hebei Province of China. The results indicated as following:㏕he general problems were that the yield was low and the fertilizer application was high. At the same time, the distribution of nutrient was unreasonable in the rotation of wheat and maize. Nutrients distributed to wheat were more than those to maize. In the same season, the N, P2Os and K2O were applied to wheat were 63.7% and 85.3% and 76.9% respectively. ㏕he farmer's fertilizer application was irrational especially in wheat and maize production. There were 20.2% farmers who applied more than 300 kg-hm"2 nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production while 7.0% farmers applied nitrogen fertilizer still less than 120 kg-hm"2, as well in maize production there were 9.9% farmers who applied nitrogen fertilizer more than 300kg-hm"2and 16.8% ones applied still less than 120 kg-hm"2. In wheat and maize production there were 27.3% and 75.9% farmers who applied phosphatic fertilizer less than 90 kg-hm"2 and 18% and 8.5% fanners who applied phosphate fertilizer more than 180 kg-hm"" respectively.甌he single-nitrogen fertilizer was the main types of nitrogen fertilizers, the compound-fertilizer was the main phosphate fertilizer and K2O mainly came from organic fertilizer. The pure-nitrogen fertilizers mainly included ammonium bicarbonate and urea, NP compound fertilizer and azophoska were the main types of compound-fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer was used as dressing fertilizer especially the pure-nitrogen fertilizer, but phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were used as the basic fertilizer.@Appling no decayed organic matter and excessive basic fertilizer and little micronutrient fertilizer were the general problems of vegetable in the greenhouse. The ratio of N-inorganic and N-organic between 1.0~2.0 was benefit to the growth of strawberry by estimated the ratio and yield of strawberry. ㏕he nutrient balance of food crops was difference in Hebei province. N supply of wheat, bean, and rice was in balance and that of grain was in suplus and that of tubers was in deficit. P20s supply of crops was in balnace except wheat that was in suplus, the potassium balance was in deficit except cereal crop and wheat that was in balance.㏕he fertilizers applied to all food crops was 179,47x104t, including 121.26><104tN, 49.02x104t P2O5 and 9.19xl04t K2O. The quantity of N losses was 54.8xl04t, N and K2O of soil deficit 2.47xl04t and 61.3xl04t respectively and soil accumulated 17.2x 1041 P2O5.@The value of losses nitrogen in wheat and maize rotational field was 28.3x104t, be equivalent to ?.2* 10*. The value of environmental risk was7026. Oxl04t that would pollute 260*108t water. The total nitrogen loss by volatilization, NOs'-N leakage and nitrification-denitrification was 26.0 X104 t, of which 69.9% was by volatilization, 26.4% was by NO3"-N leakage and 3.7% by nitrification-denitrification. ?The phenomenon that farmers have not enough knowledge of fertilizer and environment increased the environmental problems which caused by applying fertilizer. So it is necessary to strengthen the education of ecology environment in rural senior and middle school and propagate the knowledge of ecology environment by popular science film and professorship of expert.