| The main characters, the relationships between yield components and yield, and combilities and heterosis were analyzed in this paper. In addition, the genetic analysis by morphology, cytology, biochemical and molecular marker were conducted.1. In Sichuan Province and State cultivar comparison trails, the yield of Chuannong 16 increased 14.2% and 12.7% in comparison with that of the control, respectively. In the field trail, the yield of Chuannong 16 had an increment of 14.0% over the control. It had made the highest yield in Sichuan Province comparison trials (7.53t/ha). It depended on the higher number spikes per hectare to significantly increase the yield, which could reach 6,150,000 spikes per hectare. The spike number per hectare of Chuannong 16 was the new score for Sichuan wheat breeding. Chuannong 16 is a high quality variety with feebleness gluten, suitable for making cake, crisp cookies, and so on. Chuannong 16 was medium resistance to and highly resistance to powdery mildew.2. The data in State cultivar comparison trials were analyzed through AMMI model. The results indicated that AMMI was a good model to analyze the variety in the regional trial, and Chuannong 16 was the variety with wide adaptability, high yield and higher stability. It suggested that Chuannong 16 was suitable to be cultivated in Bijie, Baibei, Neijiang, Yongchuan, Chendu, Wanxian, Dali, and so on.3. The equation of the yield to yield characters Chuannong 16 was y=-415.2685+16.0237x2+7.9396x4+8.0625x5-1.4065x6. The partial correlation and path analysis showed that the spike numbers per hectare, compared with other yield components, had more contribution to and influence on the yield. Therefore, Chuannong 16 was the typical variety with very high spike numbers per hectare. The remain path coefficient was 0.2514. It indicated that there had some other factors, which had the influence on the yield, expect for spike numbers per hectare, kernelnumbers per spike, 1000-grains weight and days from seeding to harvest.4. The combining ability and heterosis were investigated. The main results indicated the general combing ability (GCA) was more important than the special combining ability (SCA). On the GCA of 1000-grains weight, Chuannong 16 was excellent than Chuanmai 28 and Mianyang 26, but the GCAs of grain weight per spike and the kernel numbers per spike of Chuannong 16 were medium between Chuanmai 28 and Mianyang 26. These results suggested that the further improvement strategy of Chuannong 16 would be focused on the increase of 1000-grains weight and maintain the other ideal characters. The agronomic performance of the Fl derived from Chuannong 16 indicated that heterosis existed among many characters. The standard, mid- and female heterosis of 1000-grains weight, and the male heterosis of plant height and the kernel numbers per spike were positive. For Chuannong 16, the shortcomings of low 1000-grains weight and kernel numbers per spike could be overcome by heterosis utilization.5. The new wheat variety Chuannong 16 was identified as a wheat-rye 1BL/1RS chromosome translocation line by C-banding.6. Chuannong 16, its parents and control variety were analyzed by using 3 biochemical markers (i.e. gliadin, glutenin and esterase). It indicated that different biochemical markers could reveal genetic variations among all the lines. Chuanyu 12 and 87-429, the parents of Chuannong 16, were differently contributed to Chuannong 16. Chuannong 16 and 87-429 were identified as 1BL/1RS translocation lines according to the diagnostic marker GlidlBS.Chuannong 16 have good HMW-glutenin subunits 5+10 ecoded by Glu-Dl, while it also has the bad HMW-glutenin subunit 20 encoded by Glu-Bl.These results were useful for the further improvement of Chuannong 16 in wheat breeding.7. The genetic variations among new wheat cultivar Chuannong 16, its parents (i.e. Chuanyu 12 and 87-429) and other cultivars (i.e. Chuanmai 28 and Mianyang 26) were analyzed by using RAPD, STS and SSR markers. The genetic differences among Chuannon...
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