| Corn is an important cereal crop for China, as well as for the whole world. At present in China, attention is shifting from high grain yield production to the combination of high yield and high quality, and comprehensive improvement of corn grain quality is being emphasized. It is indicated that an excellent basis of heredity is the precondition of achieving high quality production, while cultivation management, especially fertilization plays an important role in improving the quality of com. As a cereal-forage crop, high-oil corn enjoys a good reputation in corn family, and starch from high-starch corn is a vital raw material in related industries. Thus, there are high utilization value and vast developing prospect of high-oil corn and high-starch com. However, few reports are available concerning possible effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition on the quality of corn grain, especially high quality corn varieties. In order to provide foundation for scientific management and production of high quality corn, effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on the quality and yield of a high oil corn variety, Jiyou 1, and a high starch corn variety, Jidan 158, were studied in Gongzhuling Municipal, Jilin Province, with a commonly used regular corn variety Jidan 342 as reference. The main results are as following:1. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on grain yield of high quality cornFor all corn three varieties, grain yield in balanced fertilization with application of N 225 kg/ha, P205 75 kg/ha, and K20 90 kg/ha, and with other essential nutrients to be adjusted at optimum level (NPK), was significantly higher than that in treatments omitting N (NPK-N), omitting P (NPK-P), and omitting K (NPK-K). Addition of N, P, and K on the bases of adequate use of all other nutrients increased corn yield by 16.4%, 22.5% and 22.5% for high-oil corn Jiyou-1, by 13.2%, 21.2% and 22.5% for high-starch corn Sidan-158, and by 16.6%, 15.0% and 20.5% for ordinary com Jidan-342, respectively.Nitrogen rate study revealed a significant difference in grain yield of high-oil corn at different levels of nitrogen application. Grain yield increase of the high oil corn by N application ranged from 10.5% to 22.9%. The optimum N application rates based on benefit and yield was 180.3 kg/ha under this experimental condition.Potassium rate study indicated that K application increased yield of the high oil corn by 10.1% - 27.2% with an average of 17.9%, by 17.3% - 28.9% with an average increase of 21.2% for high-starch corn, by 4.2% - 21.3% with an average increase of 16.0% for ordinary corn. The optimum K2O application rates based on benefit and yield were 78.6 kg/ha for high-oil corn, 107.0 kg/ha for high-starch corn, 76.0 kg/ha for ordinary corn under this experimental condition.2. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on grain protein and its components of high quality cornSignificant effect of nitrogen application on corn grain protein and its components was found. Total protein content and prolamme (zein) content in grain increased by N application by 8.4% and 17.7% for high-oil corn, by 13.1% and 28.5% for high-starch corn, by 8.9% and 19.7% for ordinary corn, respectively. While nitrogen application had little influence on Albumin and Globulin content, and the effect of nitrogen application on Glutelin content of grain varied with the selected corn varieties. In corn seed samples taken after September 3 (seed filling stage), total protein content, prolamine (zein) and Glutelin content from treatments with nitrogen application were significantly higher than that of without N application, and the contents of Albumin and Glutelin were slightly higher than that of without N application treatment.Obvious increase in grain protein, prolamine (zein) and glutelin content of high-oil corn at different levels of nitrogen application was observed. Nitrogen at various rates increased protein content in seeds by 7.1% - 13.3% with an average increase of 10.6%, in...
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