Preliminary Study On The Characteristics And Differentiations Of Ecological Types Of Phyllanthus Emblica

Phyllanthus emblica is a wild resource of great economic significance in China. Presently , more studies are focused on the composition and officinal effect of its fruit, but the ecological basis and theory are relatively ignored. In this paper, community traits, distribution pattern, adaptability and genetic polymorphism of Phyllanthus emblica are primarily studied in order to lay the emphasis on the differences between the populations of Phyllanthus emblica growed in various districts. First of all, with the methods of the principle and cluster analysis of the geography and climate, 64 provenances of Phyllanthus emblica are recongnized. The results indicate that Phyllanthus emblica has three ecological types: the extra hot and arid district, the medium humid district and the humid district. Meanwhile, the characteristics of typical communities in the three districts are also analyzed respectively. based on above results, investigations of the sampling areas of Phyllanthus emblica were carried out and the distribution patterns in the three districts simulated by the method of discrete distribution and the theory of distribution index. The results show that the patter of Phyllanthus emblica populations belongs to Neyman distribution and the humid population also belonged to negatine binomial distribution. The adaptability of Phyllanthus emblica is then studied morphologically by mensuration of the size and anatomical structure of the pertinent leaves. The results illustrate that in the extra hot and arid district, the small and tapered leaves of Phyllanthus emblica with low stoma density possess the strongest anti-arid capability. In addition, the provenance testing under persistent arid condition suggested that the proline content in Phyllanthus emblica leaves could be used as a sensitive anti-arid index. Moreover, the application of RAPD revealed apparent genetic characteristics exists in the genes of Phyllanthus emblica and the genetic variation is high between and within thepopulations. In conclusion, the study on Phyllanthus emblica provides the theoretical bases for the breeding, siviculture ecology and reasonable use of Phyllanthus emblica resourse..