Analysing Karyotype And Inter-relationship Of Fagaceae In Fujian

Species of Fagaceae that their timber, bark, fruits and leaves have important value, almostly distributed in every province in China. So this paper that researched them in cell level has important signification. Studying on the chromosome number, the number and position of SAT, the karyotype formulae, the karyotype, arm ratio, relatived length, index and karyotypic asymmetry etc, the origin, systemic evolution, taxonomy and crossbreeding of seventeen species of six genera of Fagaceae have been analysed. The results are listed as follows.1 Chromosome numbers of body cell for eight species of Castanopsis are all 2n=24,and all consitute of metacentric and sub-metacentric chromosomes, only changed in number for different species, and all belong to Stebbins 2B type; Castanopsis tibetana, Castanopsis carlesii, and Castanopsis sclerophylla for 2 pairs SAT, Castanopsis fissa and Castanopsis lamontii for 1 pairs SAT and Castanopsis fordii, Castanopsis fabri and Castanopsis jucunda for no SAT, but the different position of their SAT in chromosomes. Other characteristic such as average arm ratio, the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest, index, index of the karyotypic asymmetry and relatived length, ranged within small extension. But there are some difference in the constitute of relatived length. So the conclusion from above analysis shows Castanopsis has similar origin and closer relationship.2 The chromosome numbers for three species of Cyclobalanopsis are all 2n=24, and 2 pairs SAT to Cyclobalanopsis glauca, 1 pairs SAT to Cyclobalanopsis gracilis and Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma for no SAT. Their karyotype formulae are presented as follows: Cyclobalanopsis glauca : k(2n)=20m(4SAT)+4sm; Cyclobalanopsis gracilis : k(2n)=20m+4sm(2SAT); Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma: k(2n)=22m+2sm; Their karyotype all belong to Stebbins 2B type. The ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest range in 2.78~3.20. And index, index of karyotypic asymmetry and relatived length changed indistinctly.3 The chromosome complement of Fagus longipetiolata of Fagus is 2n=24=20m(2SAT)+4sm. Average arm ratio, the ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest, index and karyotypic asymmetry are 1.35, 3.64, 43.60% and 56.44%, respectively. Its karyotype belongs to Stebbins 2B type. Relatived length range within 4.21 ~ 15.34%.4 The chromosome complement of Lithocarpus harlandii is 2n=24=20m(2SAT)+4sm. The arm ratio range in 1.08~1.81, without arm ratio >2, so it belong to IB type. The relatived length range in 5.07~11.73%. The ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest, average index, index of karyotypic asymmetry are 2.31,43.87% and 55.73%, respectively.5 The result from cluster analysis and comparing the characteristic among genera shows that owing to the karyotype similarity among species of Quercus, Lithocarpus and Castanopsis,their karyotype data may hardly useful infrageneric taxonomy. But Cyclobalanopsis, Fagus and Castanea have relatived large difference, and farther distance to above three genera, specially Castanea henryi and Castanea mollissima. We think that may be due to manpower seed selection and cultivation to two kinds of economic plants.