Study On Genetic Coadaptability Between Structure Loci Of Wild And Domestic Quails

This paper consist of comparing wild Japanese quails in Weishan Lake area withdomestic quails in their appearance ,biological habits and their body weight and body size under caged environments and comparing their hybrid fertility between medium-sized,pint-sized domestic quails and wild Japanese quails;moreover,the gene polymorphism of 9 loci in viscera and muscle which was detected with horizontal starch gel electrophoresis;after all allele frequencies of allozyme polymorphism were calculated,population genetic differentiation and genetic coadaptability in quail populations were studied .The results were as follows:1. In the tame course of the domestic quails which derived form the wild Japanese quails,some differences were found in body weight and body size etc.in the domestic quails,but they yet keep the same body shape and appearance features and some kind of wildness.2. Between medium-sized,pint-sized female domestic quails and wild malequails,fertilized rate of crossmating was higher than those of anti-crossing .It showed wild female quails have much stronger phyhological isolation option. Meanwhile , seasonal reproduction ,a kind of biological habits,put gentle influence on hybrid fertility through female quails.And it is possible that be one of the population evolution divergency mechanisms.3. Under the artificial conditions,after a period of adaptation,the wild Japanese quails and domestic quails can succeed in crossing,producing fertilized eggs and progeny Fi.And the hatching rate is generally closer to that of the same population.There were different extent of phyhological isolation between domestic and wild quails,which may be one of the foremost factors that impetus prezygotic reproduction isolation mechanism.But in this study they can mate freely and let gene flow between two quail populations because there was no prezygotic reproduction isolation.4. The results suggested that it was possible to restore the effective population size of wild quails by crossing between domestic and wild quails ,and offered objective evidences to protect,exploit and utilize wild quail resource.However,the crossing effect of wild male quails and domestic female quails was better than that of wild female and domestic male quails.So by this way,we could make use of the quality that the domestic male quail has no seasonal reproduction and get more eggs,in order to avoid the demerits of wild females which are sensitivity to outer stimulations,seasonal reproduction and less yearly laying quantity.5. Among the 9 neutral loci which were detected in quail viscera,the proportion of genetic polymorphism of wild Japanese quails in Weishan lake area and domestic quails was 66.67%,but that of the two kinds of wild Japanese quails were 55.56% and 49.99% respectively.6. Domestic quail has relatively closer ralation with the wild Japanese quail in the Weishan Lake area than wild quails in Japan.It indicated that domestic quails may originate in China.Because of geographical isolation, different genetic differentiation has come into being between the wild Japanese quails in the Weishan Lake area and wild quails in Japan..7. By the analysis of the population genetic differentiation and hybrid fertility among the two colonies of domestic quails and the wild Japanese quails in Weishan Lake area,the results indicated that the differetiation of gene bank and genetic coadaptability between the two colonies had not caused the prezygotic reproduction isolation.8. In the colony of the wild Japanese quails in the Weishan Lake area,the coefficient of genetic coadaptability taken up 28.09-90.61% in genetic disequilibrium;while in domestic quails,it taken up 32.50-99.44% .So in the genetic configuration of some neutral loci existed genetic coadaptability functions and even played an important role in some loci.