| Drought, water shortage and soil and water erosion are major limited factors for sustainable economic and social development in arid and semi-arid area. Runoff not only is impetus of bring soil and water erosion, but also is important water fountain of abating drought and shortage water. At present, the people are studying how to weaken impetus of soil and water erosion by adjusting runoff, to realize the protection of soil and water. This paper takes macromolecule polymers on runoff adjustment as main content, and betake two ideas, one is macromolecule polymers which increase soil infiltration, reducing impetus of runoff erosion, and deposit runoff to soil for crop using , another is the soil surface come into being the surface of runoff influx and deposit runoff to container for crop using. By the combination indoor and outdoor artificial simulation experiment, this paper studied the function of macromolecule polymers on runoff adjustment and preventing erosion, at last we selected macromolecule polymers of clearly altering soil infiltration, influencing runoff, and confirmed the most suitable consistencies. Outstanding results are shown as follows:(1) The filtration of macromolecule polymers. Soil infiltration is affected after many macromolecule polymers sprayed on soil surface in indoor .We named which polymers increase soil infiltrate as infiltrative macromolecule polymers, and named another one which decrease soil infiltrate as produce runoff type macromolecule polymers. At last, we selected macromolecule polymers of altering clearly soil infiltration and influence runoff, and studied function of macromolecule polymers on runoff adjustment.(2) This paper select three macromolecule polymers, which are polypropylene acid, polythene hydrin and urea-formaldehyde resin. After different concentration treatment, this paper studied macromolecule polymers on soil physical nature, function of runoff adjustment and preventing soil erosion. The results indicated that (D these three macromolecule polymers are good improve-mental matter that the content of waterstable dumpling is increased more 17.27%, the soil permeability increased more 41.81%, soil destiny is less 11.18% after by polymers treatments in the range of most suitable consistencies, and the content of containing water more 2.8 times than antitheses, ﹎acromolecule polymersapplied on sloping field can put off time of producing runoff, reduce runoff by 42.05% and soil erosion by over 58%.(3) The most suitable consistencies of them were ascertained by analyzing synthetically effect treated on soil, which is separately at the concentration of 4.8%~6.0%, 1.6%~2.0%,10.0%~12.5%, , that is used by the concentration of 116~ 145ml/m2, 36~40g/m2, 180.0~240.0ml/m2 .It is proved finally that the polypropylene acids are good infiltrative type macromolecule polymers. For the future, its durative and employ means need to be studied furtherly(3) This paper selected three produce runoff type macromolecule polymers, which are soil consolidator (SR500), organic silicone and asphaltum as spraying polymers By the rain-simulated experiment, this paper discussed the change of time of producing runoff, efficiency of rainwater catchments and the soil erosion under three macromolecule polymers treatment. The results indicated that macromolecule polymers applied on sloping field can quicken time of producing runoff more by 0.49 times than antitheses, improve the efficiency of rainwater catchments more by 72.0%, the most is more by 85% than antitheses, and reduce clearly soil erosion. Among these three treatments, the order of efficiency of rainwater catchments is soil consolidator, organic silicone and asphaltum. Thus, studying macromolecule materials is of great significant to develop new-style materials and the form of rainwater catchments in northwestern area. The most suitable consistencies of them were ascertained by synthetically analyze the function of runoff adjustment and preventing erosion, which is separately 6.0%~8.0%, 8.0%~10.0%, 10.0%~12.5%, that is 69.0... |
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