Study Of Abortion Organism Of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) And Utilization Of Heterosis In Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L.)

The author studied the difference of mainly biological characteristics between pepper's CMS line and its maintainer line, the distribution of CMS restorer gene and the content of free amino acids in anther. On the base of the study of the anther the correlation between pepper CMS abortion and free amino acids was discussed. The author further analyzed the prospect of utilization of heterosis on pepper's CMS.Difference of Mainly Biological CharacteristicsCMS pepper plant grows slight faster than its maintainer plant, but less than the later in open measure of flower, petal size, filament length, style length and anther length, and CMS fruit is slight less than that of maintainer line but no significance.Distribution of CMS Restorer GeneUp to now, CMS restorer gene (Ms) mainly exists in long-fruit hot pepper. Male sterile gene (ms) can be easily found in traditional sweet pepper. Rare sweet pepper has pure restorer gene. So the selection of sweet pepper restorer line is the key to breed sweet pepper's three-line hybrid. Free Amino Acids and Male SterilityThe Pollen in maintainers has a quantity of free Proline, making up about half of its total content of free amino acids, being 3 to 8 times of that of male sterile line. There is very little of free Proline in male sterile line. This is likely to be one of the reasons that lead to male sterile in pepper.The content of Thr and Arg in male sterile pollen exceeds that of its maintainer. Thr's product is Gly, while Gly participates in photorespiration of plants. This is a process to waste energy, which causes lack of energy and further leads to male sterile. Accumulation of Arg results from incomplete utilization of male sterile plant.Pyramiding of the above reasons brings about the abortion of male sterile PMC and microspore and utterly resists fertile gene expression in anther.Utilization of HeterosisHot (sweet) pepper has obvious heterosis. Vigorous CMS three-line hybrid variety increases over 10 percent in yield. Up to now, several types of CMS three-line pepper have been selected in China. Research and Utilization of CMS in pepper will be widely prosperous.