| The rape , which is one of the mostly oil-crops , is an important source of edible oil and protein feedstuff as well as raw material for industrial production . Yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus) is characterized with thinner seed coat and lower hull percentage, which in turn is correlated with higher oil, protein and lower crude fiber contents compared with black - seeded or brown-seeded rapeseed from the same genetic background. The breeding of yellow-seeded rapeseed has become one of the main objectives in rapeseed breeding. Although the genes, which control yellow-seed of Brassica napus mainly derive from Brassica campestris, the pure color of yellow-seeded Brassica napus is not as well as Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea. So, it is hard for breeders to select effective yellow rapeseed lines due to the scarcity of yellow-seeded gene resources. It is very important to explore new genetic resources of yellow rapeseed. Yellow seed plant was excitably found in natural colony of Brassica oleracea var. aceaphala, (which is a variety of Cruciferae Brassica oleracea), in 1994 by research centre of Oilcrop of SWAU. As a result of consecutive artificial selection for many years, a few lines with yellow-seed low sulf-dextran and good performance have been obtained. They are valuable genetic materials for the study of the breeding of yellow rapeseed and lower sulf-dextran.In order to find out the characteristic of Brassica oleracea var. aceaphala, some agronomic traits and Self-incompatibility were studied through yellow-seeded or black-seeded Brassica oleracea vary aceaphala and Esterase Isozyme among Brassica oleracea var aceaphala and its some species of Brassica was compared in this paper. And then, studies were conducted on artificial synthesis of Brassica napus through interspecific hybridization between Brassica oleracea var.aceaphala, B. Juncea, Brassica campestris respectively. The regeneration lines what were got by ovary culture or seed culture were investigated in each period and were identified through cytological and biochemical methods to know hybrid which was true or false. And the agronomic traits, crossbred compatibility, the seeded color of hybrid were studied. It is an important to investigate the inter-relationship among yellow-seeded gene(s) on genome C, genome A and genome B and to further study and utilize resynthesis interspecific hybridization.The results are as follows:1 The plant of Brassica Oleracea van aceaphala is characterized with appropriate height and low branch height and much efficient branch and the power to resist disease, and there are more pods and more seeds per pod in some lines. So, it is not only a latency oilcrop but also an important relative, which could improve Brassica napus2. There are 59.2% plants in 162 plants of Brassica oleracea var aceaphala, which exponent of self-compatibility less than one, so they are self-incompatibility. There are two plants which exponent of self-compatibility more than ten. The materials, which are self-incompatibility and self-compatibility, are important for further study of self-incompatibility and utilize of heterosis of Brassica oleracea var aceaphala. The way, which is "10%Nacl+pollination in a period of bud", can heighten the exponent of self-compatibility of a lot of Brassica oleracea var aceaphala.3. Comparing of esterase isozyme between the 3 different types of Brassica oleracea \ar aceaphala, Brassica oleracea var aceaphala and its relative of brassica, it showed that the differences between lines of Brassica oleracea var. aceaphala was not obvious. The difference between Brassica Oleracea Var Aceaphala and Brassica napus was minima/, and the difference between Brassica oleracea var aceaphala And Brassica campestris was maximal.4. Nine clones were obtained via interspecific hybridization, which include two true red-seeded hybrids derived from yellow-seeded Brassica Juncea X yellow-seeded Brassica Oleracea var. Aceaphala. Regeneration lines were identified through morphological, cytol...
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