Occurrence And Control Of Greenhouse Cucumber Diseases And Insect Pests In North China

This paper reports the techniques of integrated control-management effects on plant diseases and insect pests in greenhouse cucumber ecosystem. The populations increase so rapidly under this condition that the incidence of insect pests in greenhouse is more serious. It will be helpful to improve integrated pest management to study the regularization of certain key factors such as insecticides, beneficial organisms, environmental temperatures, and the combined actions of these factors on the pest populations in greenhouse ecosystems. Firstly, species and occurrence of cucumber pests and pathogens in greenhouses were investigated and studied. Then, a system of techniques of integrated control-management effects on plant diseases and insect pests in greenhouse cucumber ecosystem has been set up. The system comprises mainly the techniques of ecological, physical control, cultural control sterilization and chemical control.(1) The structure and dynamics of the arthropod community and groups in greenhouse cucumber system were studied at different agricultural measures by using richness, mean density, diversity and evenness indices. The result showed that the effects of different farming system, cultivated forms and pests control methods were remarkable. All the indices of them in different sample field fluctuated with different levels, they were at peak in middle cucumber growing stage on the whole and the diversity and evenness indices fluctuated more. The community indices were significantly different among plant diseases and insect pests at different agricultural control-management measures. The effects of plant diseases and insect pests control-management method were the largest, that of chemical control- management system the second, and the integrated control-management system the lowest.(2) Techniques of releasing Eretmocerus spp and Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani and their effects of control Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and Aphis gossypii were studied. The result of the releasing experiments showed the parasite rates in Eretmocerus spp and Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani were 77.5% and 78.67%, respectively. Compared with chemical control-management greenhouse, insecticides application of integrated control-management greenhouse decreased by 60-80%, the damages of insect pests declined by 40%-60%, the control expense was saved 11.5-15.0%.(3) The using of Dazomet to control and manage plant disease and insect pests community in soil shower that Dazomet can decrease the damages of plant diseases and insect pests.(4) As bio-pesticide is relatively low in side effects and friendly to environment, it has become a tendency and goal for global pesticide development. Bio-pesticide includes botanicals, microbials, antibiotic, biochemicals, etc. The station and function of bio-pesticide in standing control-management of plant diseases and insect pests is very importmant. (5) Environmental monitoring is the basic requirement for scientific production management in the greenhouse. Quantitative change of insect pests populations was continually investigated in cucumber fields in greenhouse.In conclusion, the greenhouse ecosystem is the focus of the paper. By means of greenhouse environmental monitoring system, a suitable condition is created for production management in greenhouse. Combined with life system of major plant diseases and insect pests and analysis of their spatial dynamics, an eco-technique system in greenhouse pests was settled.