Studies On Effect Of Temperature On Develepment Of Heneybee Eggs

The honeybee eggs developmental periods(DP) and the hatching rate(HR) were measured systematically when the constant temperature (CT) ranged from 29℃ to 40℃ and the variable temperature(VT) based on 35℃ ranged from 15 ℃ to 40℃. Environmental humidity was RH 80% +5%. The results were as follows:(1) At CT, honeybee eggs could develop from 31℃ to 38℃, and they could not develop high than 38℃ or low than 31℃.(2) At CT, the longest DP of Apis cerana cerane fertilized eggs was 109. 2h at 31℃, and the shortest was 64. 8h at 37℃. All the differences of the DP were highly significant(P<0. 01)except those at 36℃ and 37℃ (P>. 05). The largest HR was 100% at 34 35℃,and the smallest was 51.5% at 31℃. The development threshold temperature (DTT) were 21.6 22.2℃ and the effective thermal summmations (ETS) were 1102. 2 1049. Oh. ℃ respectively by using the linear regression method (LRM) and the direct optimum method (DOP) .(3) At CT, the longest DP of Apis cerana cerane unfertilized eggs was 113.2h at 31℃, and the shortest was 67. 1h at 37℃.A11 the differences of the DP were highly significant (P<0. 01) .The largest HR was 100% at 33 35 37℃, and the smallest was 52.6% at 31℃.The DTT were 22.2 22.8℃ and the ETS were 1043.3 1003. 9h. ℃ respectively by using LRM and DOP.(4) At CT, the longest DP of Apis mellifera ligustica fertilized eggs was 110. 3h at 31℃, and the shortest was 66. 8h at 36℃.A11 the differences of the DP were highly significant (P<0.01) except those at 36℃ and 37℃(P>.05) .The largest HR was 100% at 33, 35℃,and the smallest was 78.0% at 31℃. The DTT were 21. 8. 22. 7℃ and the ETS were 987. 6 978. 6h. ℃ respectively by using LRM and DOP.(5) At CT, the longest DP of Apis mellifera ligustica unfertilized eggs was 114.8h at 31℃,and the shortest was 66. 5h at 36℃.A11 the differences of the DP were highly significant (P<0.01) .The largest HR was 100% at 32, 33, 35, 38℃,and the smallest was 84.4% at 31℃. The DTT were 22. 5, 23. 3℃ and the ETS were 970. 2, 962.3h. ℃ respectively by using LRM and DOP.(6) At VT. the longest variable times that Apis cerana cerane eggs could develop were 4h at 15, 18℃, 8h at 21 24℃, 12h (fertilized eggs) and 8h(unfertilized eggs)at 27℃, 20h at 30℃, 2h at 40℃.The longest variable times that Apis mellifera ligustica eggs could develop were 4h at 15, 18, 21℃, 8h at 24, 27℃, 20h at 30℃, 2h at 40℃.(7) AtVT, the honeybee eggs DP were significant (P<0.05) compared with DP of 35℃ at CT except those of 2h at 40℃ {Apis cerana cerane eggs), 2h at 40℃ {Apis mellifera ligustica fertilized eggs), 2h at 30,40℃ {Apis mellifera ligustica unfertilized eggs). The HR were all significant (P<0. 05) compared with HR of 35TC at CT.