Study On The Nutrition Requirements Of Metabolizable Energy, Crude Protein And Calcium Of Male Mule Duck

The experiments were adopted L9 (34) orthogonal design to evaluates the effect of dietary vary levels of metabolizable energy, crude protein and calcium on the growth performance, carcass quality, the small intestinal structure, blood chemistry and the apparent metabolic rate of male mule duck(muscle duckling xBeijing duckling ). The purpose of trails was to determinate the nutrition requirements of ME, CP and calcium of the male mule duck. The experiments consisted of two phases: 0-3 weeks and 4-8 weeks. In the first phase: 180 1-day-old male mule ducks which average body weight was about 69 gram were selected, divides into 9 groups at random, the number of every group is 20, and every group divides into 4 pieces of treatment again, 5 for each treatment is repeated. Three levels of ME were 11.72MJ/kg, 12.14MJ/kg and 12.55MJ/kg respectively; three levels of the CP were 18%, 19.5% and 21% respectively; three levels of the calcium were 0.7%, 0.9% and 1.1% respectively. In the second phase: 144 24-day-old male mule ducks which average body weight was 749 gram were selected, divides into 9 groups at random, the number of every group was 16, and every group divided into 4 pieces of treatment again, 4 for each treatment was repeated. Three levels of ME were 11.30MJ/kg, 11.72MJ/kg and 12.14MJ/kg respectively; three levels of the CP were 16%, 17.5% and 19% respectively, three levels of the calcium were 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% respectively.The result of the test of the 0-3 weeks male mule duck shows: the average daily feed intake (ADFI), serum uric acid concentration, total energy apparent metabolic ratio , feed efficiency(feed/gain) decreased with increasing dietary ME significantly(p<0.05). The protein apparent metabolic rate significantly increasing as the level of dietary CP decreased (p<0.05). The average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, leg muscle weight of 21-day male mule duck, serum urea nitrogen and uric acid concentration were affected by the interaction of ME and CP(p<0.05). There were no significant differences of weight of breast muscle and liver, protein concentration of breast and leg muscle, serum total calcium and phosphor concentration, apparent metabolism ratio of calcium, small intestine Villous Height(VH) and Lamina Propria Depth(LPD) while the level of dietary ME, CP and calcium were changed.The result of trait of 4-8 weeks male mule duck shows: ADFI, feed efficiency, energy metabolism ratio were decreased with increased the level of dietary ME which affected the 59-days-old abdominal fat weight significantly(p<0.05). The dietary CPimproved serum urea acid concentrates but reduce the protein apparent metabolism ratio significantly(p<0.05). The interaction of ME and CP affect the ADG, dressing carcass, 59-days-old male mule duck abdominal weight and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) significantly(p<0.05). The calcium content of free-fat dried tibia of 59-days-old male mule duck has significant differenced with dietary vary calcium level. The activity of isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase(AKP), calcium apparent metabolism ratio decreased while increasing the level of dietary calcium(p<0.05). There were no differences of the weight of liver and free-fat dried tibia, protein content of breast and leg muscle, eviscerated carcass ratio, half-eviscerated carcass ratio, breast muscle ratio, leg muscle ratio, concentrate of serum total protein and glucose, the concentrate of serum total calcium and phosphor, small intestine VH and LPD while the dietary level of ME, CP and calcium was varied.In concluded, the dietary optimum ME, CP and calcium level of male mule duck (0-3 weeks) were 12.14MJ/kg, 19.5% and 0.7% respectively while those of male mule duck (4-8 weeks) were 12.14MJ/kg, 17.5% and 0.6%.