Biological Characterization And Polymorphism Of Salivary Gland Proteins And Identification Of Immunoglobulin-G(IgG) Binding Proteins Of Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus

Ixodid ticks transmit the greatest variety of pathogens of any blood-sucking vector and are second only to mosquitoes in importance as vectors of human and animal disease agents. Their huge geographical range and adaptation to climatic extremes, and the diversity of hosts on which they feed, show them to be a highly successful family. The evolutionary history of the Ixodidae has been considered to relate to their host specificity. In long-established tick-host parasitic associations, some tick species developed certain mechanisms for suppressing the haemostatic and immune responses of their selected hosts. Ribeiro remarks that ticks have a highly developed ability to evade and suppress host homeostatic systems, at least for the selected host species. Other tick species which lack the specific antagonists in their saliva that help evade the host immunological response may be rapidly rejected. Moreover, Wang studies on the immunoglobulin binding protein of tick salivary gland protein in the Rhipicephalus appendiculatus showed that the male ticks could help their mates to feed.The primary antigenic source that stimulates host immunity to ticks is saliva, the secreted product of tick salivary glands. Salivary glands are the largest glands in the tick's body. As soon as feeding starts, ticks inject the saliva into the host. Saliva from most ixodid ticks contains cement compounds that bind the tick's mouth parts to host skin. Various enzymes and different types of bioactive molecules are also present in tick salivary glands and saliva. These components are fundamental to obtaining a successful bloodmeal. They maintain blood flow into the feeding site, antagonize host haemostatic and inflammatory mediators and help the tick evade the host's rejection responses. Salivary glands constituents have been show to modulate host cytokine responses and reduce lymphocyte responses to T cell mitogens. Ticks can also secret paralyzing toxins via saliva that cause sickness or even death their host. The salivary gland is also the primary organ for tick-borne pathogen transmission. Furthermore, it provides a saliva-activated transmission (SAT) activity, which plays an important role in nonviraemic tick-borne virus transmission.The studies of polymorphism of salivary gland protein are major target for biology and immunology and biopharmaceutical in ticks. Some scientists are found many useful proteins from ticks salivary glands, such as histamine-binding protein, immunoglobulin-G binding protein, IL-2 binding protein, p29 gene and HL34 and 35 proteins. Now they have already isolated, cloned and expressed many proteins of ticks salivary glands. Currently the principal research is the application of recombinant expression and determination of the function of these proteins. In this study, we observed engorging ability of male and female ticks for differently fed and mates manner groups; analysed the polymorphism change situation of secrete proteins in ticks salivary gland; counted the egg mass weight and number and engorging time of engorged female ticks; analysed polymorphism of salivary gland for different body weight (here is unfed body weight) of male ticks; isolated and determined the amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin-G binding protein in salivary gland of male ticks. T-test methods of statistics were used to analyse the data difference of different groups and individual tick to found the biological character, and inferred the biological function (meaning). These major results were presented as following:1. Compared with same feed day whether mate or not which mates manner of male ticks, their engorged ability have not notable change. Male ticks produce and inject bioactive saliva into the feeding site, which perform their bioactive cofeeding function when they mates with the female. These bioactive matter perhaps can't go into the systematic circulation of hosts, they can't reach the female feeding site where they play their cofeeds function with humoral transmission, or the quantity entering of the systematic circ...