Volatilizing And Eluviating Character Of Biological Organic Fertilizer And Its Effects On Soil And Yield Of Winter Wheat

The organic fertilizer has always been paid great attention to because ithas a great deal of advantages. From the "organic agriculture"or " ecologicalagriculture " ,which some scholars recommended in the beginning of the1980's when the oil crisis happened ,to the "sustainable agriculture " that wasput forward at the beginning of the 1990's, there always were some peoplewho especially emphasized the function of the organic fertilizer. But usingorganic fertilizer can make different influence to soil environment underdifferent external condition as using chemical fertilizer. The methods ofblowing in sealed flow for ammonia volatilization, soil column simulation fornutrient leaching and field plot experiments were managed , we studiedammonia volatilization and leaching character of organic fertilizer in thesoil ,as well as their influence on field soil quality and crop yields, in order tooffer theoretical foundation for the rational using of biological organicfertilizer. The main results of the study are as follows:1. The ammonia volatilization loss characteristic after the biologicalorganic fertilizer having been used to soil.The ammonia volatilize intensity of biological organic fertilizer waslittle in burned brown earth, the highest volatilizing amount was 1.03mgammonia in the first day, it would reduce day after day, but it was relativelyhigher at no-burned brown earth, the volatilizing amount of the ammoniareduced from 3.59mg to 0.34mg gradually within the first ten days. The orderof volatilization loss rate of ammonia in no-burned brown earth within fivedays was: The urea (15.38% )> organic fertilizer (8.4% )> compound fertilizer(5.57% ). The order of volatilization loss rate of ammonia in burned brownearth was: compound fertilizer (14.89% )> urea (7.19% )> organic fertilizer(3.06%). No matter in burned soil or in air-dried soil, the ammoniavolatilization loss rate of biological organic fertilizer was not the highest. Thedifferences of volatilization loss rate of ammonia among the three kinds offertilizer all reached remarkable level. 2. The leaching characteristic of biological organic fertilizer in soil The amount of nitrate nitrogen in the leaching solution which was treatedwith biological organic fertilizer was higher that in the leaching solution whichwas treated with compound fertilizer, and the influence would be getting moreserious as the increase of fertilizer using amount, the maxim leaching amountshowed hysteresis in the time. The leaching rate of the nitrite nitrogen is high,the amount of nitrite nitrogen in the leaching solution which was treated withbiological organic fertilizer was lower that in the leaching solution which wastreated with compound fertilizer, with the increase of fertilizer using level, theamount of nitrite nitrogen increased by little slope rate presenting straight line,when the using level of organic fertilizer exceeded a certain threshold, itwould have potential pollution to the soil. The curve of single leaching amountof rapidly available potassium changing with leaching times, which wastreated with biological organic fertilizer, was basically the same as that ofcompound fertilizer, the maxim single leaching amount of organic fertilizerwas far high than that of compound fertilizer, the leaching amount of rapidlyavailable potassium increased as the increase of fertilizer using level. The concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in soil changedin different layers of leaching column, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen washigher of organic treatment than that of compound treatment. Theconcentration of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the soil columnfluctuated, different from nitrate nitrogen, the peak value of nitrite nitrogen inthe soil column appeared at 5 or 6 layers. 3. The influence of biological organic fertilizer on soil environment afterused to soil.No matter in high-fertility soil(qian zhu liu)or low-fertility soil(zhongCun) ,the accumulation amounts of the nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus were higher in regreening stage than that inshooting stage and harvesting stage. The accumulation amount of the nitratenitrogen was lower in high-fertility soil than that in low-fertility soil,collocating organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer rationally could decreasethe accumulating amount and transferring rate of nitrate nitrogen, and reducethe pollution of nitrate nitrogen to the underground water. The difference ofthe content of nitrite nitrogen was relatively large in two different fertilityplots, but the total content was relatively low, the reason was that nitritenitrogen was very unstable, and the accumulating amount decreased as theincrease of temperature at different stages, so fertilizing did not affect nitritenitrogen obviously. The accumulation amount of rapidly available phosphoruswas obviously higher in high-fertility soil than that in low-quantity soil, inaddition, the rapidly available potassium not only obviously accumulated inthe topsoil, but also had larger accumulation amount in the soil deep layer of80-100cm, the contents rapidly available potassium in soil layers of treatment2 at Qian Zhu Liu were always the highest, the contents rapidly availablepotassium of treatment 2 at Zhong Cun were inferior to treatment 1 atregreening stage, the contents of every treatment were not different from eachother largely at the other two stges. The accumulation amount of rapidlyavailable potassium was the highest in harvesting stage. The influence of thesoil fertility on the accumulation amount of rapidly available potassium wasnot remarkable, the difference of accumulation amount of the rapidly availablepotassium in each layer was not extremely remarkable, the contents of rapidlyavailable potassium in soil of treatment 2 and 4 at Zhong Cun were higher,which could prove that using organic fertilizer could surely increase thecontent of potassium in soil. The contents of four kinds of trace elements hadnothing in common with each other in different growing stage of winter wheat,the differences among contents of trace elements of different treatments were...