Study On The Main Pests On Cinnamomum And Their Control Measurements In Shanghai Pudong Area

Camphor (Cinnamomun canphora) is widely loved because of its graceful pose, luxuriant branches and leaves, evergreen around year, and thus becomes one of the most preferred evergreen arbors in recent city afforestation. The pests on camphor were not considered so serious until recent years when it was diffusely cultivated in Shanghai district. It was well known that in recent years, camphor has been planted in the increasing nurseries, greenbelts, parks, and forestry in the city and the outskirt areas. So researches on the species of pests of camphor, the biology of these pests, and the techniques to control them become more and more important in the new-planted area of camphor. In the paper, we firstly investigated the main species of pests on camphor in Shanghai, and then proposed the integrative controlling measurements against them. Secondly, we studied the biological characteristics of Eucornuaspis machili Maskell, one harmful pest that was found for the first time in Shanghai and had not been reported in China, and conducted experiments to control the pest. Lastly, we studied the biology characteristics and occurrence of Trioza camphorae Sasaki on camphor plants. The main results were as follows.l.The main pests on camphor in Pudong area of Shanghai and the controlling measurements against themBy wide investigation in camphor trees for pests, including greenbelts, some pieces of forests in countryside, roadside trees around the city and other main greenbelt, 35 species of pests were found to be the main in camphor tress in Shanghai. According to the general occurrence rules of the pests on camphor, and the specific environmental factors in the in greenbelt, a set of integrative controlling measurements with the idea of environment protection was proposed against the pests on camphor in Shanghai district. Additionally, a ten-days-controlling calendar against the main pests and insects of camphor was made in the paper.2 The biological character and control of Eucornuaspis machili MaskellEucornuaspis machili is a new pest attacking Cinnamomum camphora in Shanghai area. It seriously imperils Cinnamomum camphora growth in the greenbelt. It was been found to have three generations in one year in Shanghai. Most of them hibernating were fertilized female imagoes and only a few were gestated female imagoes, egg-laying female imagoes and nymphs. First generation nymphs occurred in the last 10 days, and the peak of hatching was between the last of April and the early of May. The peak of hatching of thesecond-generation numphs was from the last of July to the early of August and that of the third ones was from the early of October to the late. The control test showed that the control efficiency reached 88.14% ~ 96.75% by using 10% imidacloprid WP or Hua Bao or Shu Chong Yi Zhen Jin EC at the peak of hatching of the first generation nymphs; and after the nymphs fixed, the control efficiency after 29 days could reach 93.57% by using 95% Jie Man Ling Peproleum Oil.3. The biological character and control of Trioza Camphorae Sasaki Since Trioza camphorae was first found in Cinnamomum camphora in the Sanlin section of Pudong New District Round-the-city Greenbelt in 1998, it has spread in the whole greenbelt of about 50 hm2 in which 90% of the trees were attacked by the insect and the maximum insect population on a leaf reached 500. According to spot observation during 2001~ 2002, most of the insects had three generations a year in Shanghai, small part of them had two generations a year, and only a few of them one generation a year. They overwintered as the 2nd-instar nymphs on the back of the leaves. The hibernating nymphs grew initially in the 2nd or last ten days of February, a part of imagoes emerge in early March, and all the imagoes emerge by the end of April. The eggs and nymphs appeared in early April.The first generation nymph hatch rate could reach 90% in the late of April and all the eggs hatched in early May. The chemical control test showed that the control efficiency reached 97.89% and 97.61% by using 10% imidacloprid...