Distribution And Exploitation Direction Of Soil In Agro-ecosystem Of Oases In Manas River Watershed

Soil distribution under different period and special in Manas river watershed oases of Xinjiang province was sampled and analyzed, which apply the theory of down-scaling within ecology and geography .This paper combine the satellite image and sample investigation, the result shows:1. The area of unused land decrease obviously. However farmland extend quickly, and the area of salinity still keep been high degree. Soil has repeated a circulation that is cultivation- abandon- cultivation. With the year evolutions, the area of woodland, town and water increase, while grassland decreases from different period satellite image.2. Salinity was likely to gather on soil surface and reduces with the depth at alluvial plain and alluvial fan. Contrary result that salinity was likely to gather on subsoil and reduce in upper soil, reverse "V" distribution of soil salinity has occurred in backward position of alluvial plain, delta oases and desert edge.3. Analyzed from the period succession, soil nitrogen appearing increased firstly then decreased, especially in organic matter, total N and available N. Soil salinity appearing reversed trend. Soil quality reached warning value after reclamation for 10-15 years, and soil quality must be enhanced to avoid degeneration .With years growing, soil condition has unproved.4. The exploitation of soil and water resources is the key factor of oases agriculture development .With analysis of the utilization of soil and water resources and the process of recovery and reconstruction of abandoned field ,some tactics for the utilization of soil and water resources were put forward. In the alluvial and flood plain ,some high techniques such as high efficient water-saving, well irrigation and drainage, vegetation rebuilding techniques should be practiced to recover and reconstruct the abandoned land. In delta area located the lowest reach and the area of the desert edge, we should prevent elevate of groundwater and soil salinization through the technique of high efficiency water-saving.This paper discussed soil characteristic differentiation of oases agro-ecosystem under period and special conditions on the basis of Remote Sense (RS) and Geographic Information System(GIS) ,applying agronomy ,agrology ,ecology and statistics knowledge, in the range of macroscopic and microscopy ,with the analysis of quantitative and qualitative to provide theoretical consultation for soil exploitation in the Oases of Manas river.