Application And Study On Nutritional Diagnosis Technique Of 'Red Fuji' Apple In Jiaodong

From 2003 to 2004, we used of nutritional diagnosis technique about the soil,the tree appearance and leaf analyse,a diagnosis towards the nutrition state of Red Fuji orchards in Jiaodong area was made in the 640 selected representative orchards in Red Fuji apple production districts in Jiaodong area, including Tixia city, Wendeng city, Laixi city, Huancui city, Muping district, Penglai city, Laixi city, Zhaoyuan city, and so on. And, an analysis about the relationship between the effective nutrition in soil, the structure of tree body and the production and quality of the fruits was made. The main results were as following.1. The average content of organic matter in Red Fuji Apple in Jiaodong was 0.84%, the content of the lkaliine hydrolytic nitrogen was 71.92mg.kg^-1, the content of the effective phosphorus was 80.57mg.kg^-1; according to the lkaliine hydrolytic nitrogen division standard of the effective nutrient content in soil in the orchards of Shandong province. The result showed that the effective nutrient contents in soil in the orchards of Tixia city, compared with its state of 20 years ago, had on average increased remarkably. Among them, the increase of the content of the effective phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium was extremely remarkable; the content of organic substance and the exchanged potassium was comparatively low, while the content of lkaliine hydrolytic nitrogen was comparatively high; the regression relationship between lkaliine hydrolytic nitrogen, quick-acting potassium, quick-acting phosphorus and the production could be expressed in quadratic equation with one unknown. The regression equations were: y = -453.94x2 + 3293.8x, y = -0.1516x² + 43.943x, y = -0.248x² + 62.28x å’Œ = -0.1436x² + 42.727x; Their R²s were respectively 0.2893, 0.045, -0.4222,and -0.1328;in the 27 orchards of the town of Shewopo, whose management methods, the soil type and irrigation condition were generally identical, an analysis about the relationships between the production were made, and the relationships can all be expressed in regression equation with one unknown. The chemical equations were: y=-0.1357x²+ 70.396x- 1207.2 , y=-0.0385x² +55.885x+661.33 and y=-0.0906 x² + 39.969x-437.88; Their R²s were respectively 0.6571,0.6519, and 0.7015; the effective nutrient content in soil in orchards of high production was on average higher than that in orchards of mid and low production, and this difference was one of the most importantreasons for the distinction in their production.2. The research was about the effect of the tree body structure towards the quality and production of Red Fuji made as well as a diagnosis of tree appearance. In terms of yield, the total amount of the branches should keep on about 100,000twig per 666.7m2 .In the terms of the improvement of the coloring of the fruits, the total amount of the branches should be reduced; hi terms of the size of the fruits, the total amount of the branches should be controlled about 100,000 twig per 666.7m2; hi terms of the improvement of the production and quality of the fruits, the proportion of the long branches should be reduced as much as possible without influencing the growth of the tree body; in order to get a rich, stable production of high quality, the proportion of the optimized short branches should be increased as much as possible. Experimental verification was carried out towards four peasant households. The total amount of the branches in the experimental orchards reduced from a contrastive 119,300 twig per 667m2; the proportion of the high-qualified fruits increased from a contrastive 76% to 86%, the production increased from a contrastive 2525kg per 667m2 to 2776kg per 667 m2, the net income increases from a contrastive 2022 Yuan per 667m2 to 3014yuan per 667 m2, the result was better.3. Take the production as our goal, a DRIS nutrition diagnosis was made, and the DRIS formulas of N. P. K. Ca. Mg. B. Zn. Fe. Etc, the nutrients in Red Fuji apple produced in Jiaodong areas were worked out. According to the formulas, a DRIS diagnosis was made towards six orchards, and the DRIS indices for yield of the mineral elements in the six diagnosed orchards were worked out. The result showed that the inadequacy of the trace element Ca and B were the biggest restriction on the improvement of the production of apples in Jiaodong Area.4. Take the quality of the fruits as our goal, a nutrition analysis in the method of DRIS was tried. Based on the leaf analysis, the result of the diagnosis showed that the inadequacy of the nutrients K. Ca. N. Zn. etc, were the restriction on the improvement of the quality of the apples in Jiaodong areas. According to the study on mineral substance nutrition and the quality of fruits and the result of soil analysis, the result of the diagnosis towards the nutrients of the fruits was considered to be more close to the facts.