Research On Application Of Pellet Artificial Diet And Nutritious Diet In The Production Of Silkworm Eggs

It is an epoch-making technical innovation in sericulture history to rear silkworm with artificial diet. Rearing silkworm with artificial diet has unique superiority over mulberry leaf rearing. It is also the major direction in the future development of sericulture in China. The pellet artificial diet is a new style artificial diet that had been studied successfully for silkworms, compared with traditional cooked diet, its advantages include, it can be processed, stored, transported easily, uneasy to be contaminated. And deteriorated, the method of rearing is simple, can improve the productivity dramatically and easy to be used, it has gained ideal effect in rearing crossbreed silkworms. "Nutritious diet for silkworms" has the effects of saving mulberry, increasing silk and preventing diseases obviously, it has been used extensively in rearing silkworms, and has obtained dramatic effects both in economy and society. But until now the effects of both pellet artificial diet and nutritious diet for silkworms in the silkworm's growth and laying eggs have not been studied systematically. Therefore limit the use in the production of silkworms. So this article studied the effect of young silkworms pellet artificial diet rearing and applying additives for silkworms in 5^th instar on the growth of silkworms quality of cocoons, weight of cocoons, reliability, the amount of laying eggs, efficiency of diet, to provide reference for the use of producing silkworms .The main achievements obtained are as follows:1,The 1^st2nd instars development progress of young silkworms with pellet artificial diet rearing delays 35-56 hours than the young silkworms with mulberry rearing in all instars. But the 5^thinstar development progress speeds up, so the difference reduces. The effect of pellet artificial diet rearing on the development progress is proximately the same as the effect of the crossbreed silkworms.2, The adaptability of silkworm varieties to pellet artificial diet rearing is different, from 24h setae dispersion rate, the adaptability of original silkworms is lower than crossbreed silkworms, Japanese variety is higher than Chinese variety, the setae dispersion rate of Japanese variety is over eighty percent, it can reach the demands of production, but the setae dispersion rate of Chinese variety is a little low.3> The whole cocoon weight of silkworms with pellet artificial diet rearing in 1st -2nd instars is mainly higher than that with mulberry leaf rearing in all instars, there is no obvious difference in cocoon shell weight, but the ratio of cocoon shell is a little low, so there is no obvious effect in total.^ The effect of pellet artificial diet rearing in lst²ndinstar on reliability is different from silkworm varieties. But compared with mulberry leaf rearing in total, some of the percentage cocooning silkworms and rate of dead worm cocoons are high, some of those are low, there is no obvious difference in reliability of pupae.5n The digestibility of pellet artificial diet rearing in 1st ²nd instars increases 7% in average than that of mulberry rearing in all instars, the amount of ingested dry food in 5th instars per silkworm decreases 10% in average, the productivity of whole cocoon weight increases 17.2% , the productivity of cocoon shell weight increases 10%, all in average.6n The amount of laying eggs per silkworm of 1st -2nd pellet artificial diet rearing is a little lower than the mulberry rearing in all instars, the ratio of eggs remaining in body of original silkworms decreases 36.1% than that of mulberry rearing in all instars in average, the ratio of eggs in good quality is also a little of higher, the ratio of transform from leaf of eggs increases 15.7% than that of mulberry rearing in all instars in average.7> The feasibility of pellet artificial diet rearing in lst²nd instars of silkworms in rearing of original silkworms is decided by the feeding habit and adaptability of silkworm varieties to pellet artificial diet. Considering from the production practice, the varieties that its setae dispersion rate of 24h can reach over 80%, its setae dispersion rate of 48h can reach over 90% can adapt the pellet artificial diet rearing in lst²nd instars. Otherwise, there is on practical value.8, The effect of adding nutritious diet on the development progress in 5thinstar is not obvious, there is no obvious different in contrast between percentage cocooning silkworms and clear water and blank contrasts. The rate of dead worm cocoons decreases 9.7% than clear water contrasts and 23.7% than blank contrasts. The reliability of pupae increases 1.5% than clear water contrast and 2.2% than blank contrast, that is, adding nutritious diet can enhance the anti-disease ability.9n The whole cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight of adding nutritious diet in 5thinstar are a little lower than the contrasts(4⁶%), there is no obvious difference in the ratio of cocoon shell between it and the contracts.10, Through adding nutritious diet in 5thinstar, the average amount of ingested mulberry decreases 12 4% than that of clear water contrast, and 9.6% than that of blank contrast. Although the whole cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight decrease a little, but the productivity of whole cocoon weight increases 7.3% than clear water contrast and 5.4% than that of blank contrast in average. The productivity of cocoon shell weight with adding nutritious diet increases 8.5% than that of clear water contrast and 6.0% than blank contrast.11, The effect on the amount of making eggs, laying eggs and eggs remaining in baby with adding nutritious diet in 5thinstar varies from different varieties, the amount of making eggs and laying eggs of variety 9202 increases obviously than the contrasts. The amount of laying eggs of HAOYUE, QINGSONG, 872 varieties is less higher than the contrasts, and LUQI, 871 varieties is a little lower than the contrast. The amount of eggs remaining in the body of all silkworm varieties for experiment with adding nutritious diet decrease 20.2% than clear water and 27.6% than blank contrast. There is no obvious different in the rate of eggs in good quality and egg weight between adding nutritious diet and the contrasts.12, The ratio of transform from mulberry leaf to eggs with adding nutritious diet is obvious higher than the contrasts except 871 variety. The average ratio of transform in all silkworm varieties from experiment with adding nutritious diet increases 9.9% than clear water contrast and 21.9% than blank contrast.13 > Using nutritious diet in 5thinstar of original silkworms has the effects of saving mulberry, preventing diseases, reducing the amount of eggs that remained in body, increasing the efficiency of diet. The amount of producing original silkworms in per unit area mulberry plant can increase about 15%, every 10 grams can increase about 24 original silkworms, the ratio of input and output is about 1:24, and the economic benefits are notable. So, this product has great popularizing and applying value in producing original silkworms.