Effect Of Proteective Tillage On Soil Moisture And Crop Yield

Aimed at Tillage in Sichuan hilly dry regions, the study was conducted in Jianyang City the typical model of Sichuan hilly dry regions to discuss the effect on soil moisture and the wheat, rape and rice yield by conservation tillage. The results showed:Conservation tillage could form a straw layer with large holes, with this it could reduce the water evaporation but increase water content of soil. In cornfield, in 0-10cm soil layer, the water content of straw returns farmland were 9-11%; in 10²0cm soil layer, it was 3% higher than CK. While in the rape field, it was 5-7% higher than comparison in 0-10cm soil layer, and 1% higher in 10²0cm soil layer. So the content of water in 0-10cm soil layer was different.The plow layer's (0²0cm) water content in conservation tillage was higher than comparison. In wheat planting field, the water content of the total straw returning layer (0²0cm) was 2253m³Â·hm^-2 higher than comparison; while in half returning layer, it was 1655 m³Â·hm^-2 higher than comparison. According to analysis, straw return field could increase water content distinctively, the prominence rate of total return to field and half returning were 0.005 and 0.021 (<0.05) than comparison respectively. For rape planting field, the water content of the total straw returning layer (0²0cm) was 1258m³Â·hm^-2 higher than comparison; and the half returning layer's (0²0cm) was 995 m³Â·hm^-2 higher than comparison. According to the results, straw returning could increase the soil water content, the prominence rate of total returning and half returning were 0.056 and 0.132 (>0.05) than comparison, respectively.Covering before no-tillage and throwing-planting can use 19.65% water more than comparison; and adding the pesticide on former uses 14.52% water more than comparison. They are the typical model of conservation tillage in paddy field and didn't save water.Compared with traditional cultivation, the conservation tillage in paddy field canoffer more moisture for the wheat and rape growing, benefit the growth of the crop even more; The straw still can increase the soil organic matter, improve the soil structure, increasing soil fertility to return the field, can make the crop grow more stalwart, the output is higher. The average yields of wheat and rape were 5987.95kg-hm"2 and 3007.95 kg-hm"2of straw all return to farmland, the production increased 24.65% and 21.62% respectively; while the half (return) were 5287.40kg-hm"2 and 3007.95kg-hm"2, the production increased 10.07% and 10.68% respectively, it is obvious to increase the production of the result.In rice planting, conservation tillage in paddy field didn't improve the yield, but it improved the economic benefit because the no-tillage and throwing-planting could reduce working procedure of field arrangement and investment of transplant.The method of conservation tillage in paddy field deserve popularizing in hill area in the center of Sichuan province for it's effect on water save in wheat and rape was obvious. On the contrary, the water save result was not effective on rice planting, and the water consume was higher than traditional cultivation; with water consume assured, the benefit of conservation tillage was higher than traditional cultivation, so this measurement can be popularized in such hill area where irrigation can be assured of the center of Sichuan province.