The Relationship Of Main Mineral Elements Contents And Yield, Quality Of Early Bearing Walnut

Aimed to the problems of management careless, low yield and quality, product lacking of market competition ability and presenility pathogenesis of leaves of walnut, early bearing and pellicle walnut trees were used in this article to study the relationship of leaves and soil mineral elements contents and fruit yield, quality and presenility pathogenesis of walnut leaves were studied from 2004 to 2005 at Lvling fruit limited company of Hebei. The results were as follows.1. The annual changes rule of soil and leaf mineral element contents of early bearing walnut were studied. Main mineral elements contents of soil and leaves of early bearing walnut were determined from 2004 to 2005. The results showed that the annual changes rule of the same mineral element was similar in different years, but there had a little different changes.2. In order to study the presenility pathogenesis of walnut leaves, changes of main mineral elements contents in presenility leaves at different stages and healthy leaves at the same stages were measured. The results showed that Mn content in healthy leaves was very higher than that of presenility leaves after middle stage of the disease, and N ,. Fe content in healthy leaves was higher than that of presenility leaves after middle stage of the disease. P content in healthy leaves was significant higher than that of presenility leaves, in the later stage of the disease P content in healthy leaves was very significant higher than that of presenility leaves. Mn content in healthy leaves was very significant higher than that of presenility leaves after middle stage of the disease. Ca content in healthy leaves was very significantly higher than that of healthy leaves in the later stage of the disease. Fe content in healthy leaves was very significant higher than that of presenility leaves in the middle and later stage of the diseases. There exited significant negative correlations between Mn contents and disease process, the correlation coefficient was-0.9750. There exited significant positive correlation between Ca contents and disease process, the correlation coefficient was 0.9526. There exited very significant negative correlations between the ratios of Mn/Ca and Mn/Fe, the correlation coefficients were -0.9934 and -0.9914. The path coefficients showed that the direct path coefficientof Ca was -3.921,and it was the largest;next was Mn, that was -2.959;total N was the lowest, only -0.249.3. The relationships between leaf mineral elements of different walnut orchards and yields of Lvling walnut at different stage were studied. The results showed that there existed significant positive correlation between N content and fruit yield in the end of frondesce , there existed significant positive correlation between P content and fruit yields in the period of full blossom.fruit ripeness, tree recovery;there existed significant negative correlation between P content and fruit yield in shell hardening period;there existed very significant negative correlation between Ca content and fruit yield in young fruits fast growth period,there existed significant negative correlation between Ca content and fruit yield in full blossom period^ fruit ripeness period;There existed very significant negative correlation between Mn content and fruit yield in young fruits fast growth period and shell hardening period, and significant positive correlation between Mn content and fruit yield in the end of frondesce.There existed very significant positive correlation between N content and kernel protein content in shell hardening period,there existed significant positive correlation between N content and kernel protein content in young fruits fast growth period;there existed very significant negative correlation between P content and kernel protein content in young fruits fast growth period;there existed significant positive correlation between P content and kernel protein content in the end of frondesce period;there existed very significant positive correlation between Zn content and kernel protein content in full blossom period.There existed very significant negative correlation between N content and kernel fat content in young fruits fast growth period;there existed significant positive correlation between P content and kernel fat content in young fruits fast growth period;There existed significant negative correlation between P content and kernel fat content in the end of frondesce period;there existed very significant positive correlation between K content and kernel fat content in fruit ripeness period.there existed significant positive correlation between K content and kernel fat content in young fruits fast growth period.There existed significant positive correlation between N content and kernel N content in fruit ripeness period;there existed very significant negative correlation between P content and kernel N content in shell hardening period;there existed significant negative correlation between Ca content and kernel N content in young fruits fast growth period,shell hardening period., tree recovery period;there existed significant negative correlation between Mg content and kernel N content in shell hardening period;there existed very significant negative correlation between Mn content and kernel N content inshell hardening periodjthere existed very significant negative correlation between N content and kernel P content in fruit ripeness period;there existed significant negative correlation between N content and kernel P content in tree recovery period;There existed significant negative correlation between Mg content and kernel P content in tree recovery period, there existed significant positive correlation between K content and kernel Ca content in tree recovery period;there existed significant positive correlation between N content and kernel Mg content in tree recovery period;there existed significant negative correlation between K content and kernel Mn content in fruits ripeness period;there existed significant negative correlation between N content and kernel Zn content in shell hardening period.4. The effects of soil mineral elements in different orchard to the yields and quality of walnut were studied. There existed very positive correlation between total N content and fruit yield at full blossom period and shell hardening period. There existed significant negative correlation between total P content and fruit yield at the end of frondesce period.There existed negative correlation between total P content and fruit yield in the whole growth period. There existed very negative correlation between total N content and kernel protein content at in the end of frondesce period.the correlation coefficient is -0.834;There existed significant negative correlation between soluble K content and kernel protein content at full blossom period and shell hardening period;There existed very positive correlation between Mn content and kernel protein content at shell hardening period,the correlation coefficient is 0.783, there existed significant positive correlation between Mn content and kernel protein content in the end of frondesce period. There existed significant negative correlation between total P, soluble K content and kernel fat content at shell hardening period. There existed very negative correlation between exchangeable Ca content and kernel N content in the end of frondesce period;there existed very positive correlation between Zn content and kernel N content in fruit ripeness period, the correlation coefficient is 0.840. There existed significant positive correlation between Zn content and kernel N content in shell hardening period and tree recovery period.There existed significant positive correlation between total P content and kernel P content in the end of frondesce period.There existed significant positive correlation between soluble K content and kernel P content at young fruits fast growth period;there existed significant negative correlation Zn content and kernel P content at fruits ripeness period. There existed significant positive correlation between soluble K content and kernel K content in shell hardening period;there existed significant positive correlation between soil exchangeable Mg content and kernel K content. There existed significant positive correlation between exchangeable Ca content and kernel Mg contentat fruits ripeness period. There existed significant negative correlation between Mn, Zn content and kernel Mn content at young fruits fast growth period, there existed very negative correlation between exchangeable Mg content and kernel Zn content at fruits ripeness period, there existed significant negative between soluble K content and kernel Zn content at fruits ripeness period.There existed significant positive between soluble K content and kernel Ca content at in the end of frondesce and young fruits fast growth period.5 The effects of fertilizer varieties on fruit yield and quality were studied, the results were as follows: different treatment of three fertilizers of N, P, B had obvious effects on yields and quality of walnut. P was the primary fertilizer to yields of walnut, weight of single fruit, kernel N and K content;N was the primary fertilizer to kernel fat, protein, Ca, Mn content;B was the primary fertilizer to kernel Mg, Zn content. Through range analyzing: at those soil conditions, treatment 6 was the best one in all fertilizer treatments.6. The indexes systems of leaf and soil nutrition diagnosis were established. These were as follows. To maintain the yield up to 3000 kg-hm'2, kernel fat content up to 65.0%, kernel protein up to 19.0%, fruit weight up to lO.Og, kernel percent up to 60.0%, diagnosis period and contents of leaves and soil were: suitable diagnosis period of soil N, P and Ca were frondesce period, the indexes were 0.238% ~ 0.242%, 0.0444%~ 0.0447%, 129.0 mg-100g"'~ 136.4 mg-lOOg"1 respectively;suitable diagnosis period of leaf Mg and Zn was full blossom period, the indexes were 0.243% ~ 0.248%, 98.0mg-kg'1~111.4 mg-kg'1 respectively;suitable diagnosis period of leaf P, Ca and Mn was fruit ripeness period, the indexes were 0.156%~0.159%, 2.66%~2.76%, 679.6 mg-kg'1 ~719.2 mg-kg'1 respectively;suitable diagnosis period of leaf N ,soil K and Mn were shell hardening period, the index was 3.28%~4.00%;191.7 mg-kg"1 ~ 237.6 mg-kg'',0.11 mg-kg'1 ~0.119 mg-kg'1 respectively;suitable diagnosis period of leaf K, soil Mg and soil Zn was fruit ripeness period, the indexes were 0.48%~0.52%,1.62 mg-100g'1~1.76mg-100g"1, 0.0125 mg-kg'1 ~0.0161 mg-kg'1 respectively.