Effects Of Different Soil Amounts And Nitrogen Fertilization Amounts On The Nutrients Uptake Amounts And Biomass Of Maize

This paper is based on the background of different effective soil amount resulting from two different sectional types"wave type" and "flat type" and "fertilizer applied only once " under the current cultivation system in the black soil of Song-liao Plain maize belt. The tested soil is the medium-fertility black soil in the experiment station of Jilin agricultural university. The paper has studied the effects of different soil amount on the maize growth properties, maize biomass, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the total potassium content and nutrients uptake amount of maize plant and root during the weeding stage, the heading stage and the maturith stage, and the yield of maize and the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the total potassium content, and the nutrients uptake amount during the maturity stage by the outdoor simulation potted experiment. In addition, the paper has also studied the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer amounts on the growth properties, the yield of maize, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the potassium content of maize plant and root, and the residual nutrients of soil. The results was shown as below:With the soil amounts increasing, both maize biomass and yield have been increased. Under the condition of not applying fertilizer, the maize yield of the soil of 5 kg, the soil of 10kg and the soil of 15 kg are 11g, 36.2g and 57.3g respectively, as compared with the 5kg soil without applying fertilizer, the maize yield of the 10kg soil and the 15kg soil without applying fertilizer have increased 229% and 421% respectively; under applying fertilizer condition, the maize yield of the soil of 5kg, the soil of 10kg and the soil of 15kg are 53.9g, 132.8g and 153.6g, as compared with the 5kg soil with applying fertilizer, the soil of 10kg and the soil of 15kg have increased 146% and 185% respectively. So far as maize biomass was concerned, with comparison of the 5kg soil without applying fertilizer, the total biomass of other treatments have increased ranging from 65% to 218% during the weeding stage, 82% ~ 353% during the heading stage, 71% ~ 369% during the maturity stage.The different soil amounts have influenced the growth of maize, the results showed that the plant height and stem thick were both increased with increment of packing the soil amounts during the whole growth stage, and the root volume, total absorbent surface area and active absorbent surface area were all increased during the every growth stage, moreover total absorbent surface area and active absorbent surface area were increased gradually from the early stage to the last stage, but the percentage of active absorbent surface in total absorbent surface area was decreased gradually.The total nutrients of maize plant, root, seed grain and total amounts were all increased with the increasing of packing soil amounts, however the total nutrients of maize plant and root reached to the highest value during the seeding stage, and they decreased gradually subsequently, and the rate of decreasing reached to the quickest during the stage from seeding to heading, but after heading stage, the decreasing rang is not significant.With the soil amounts increasing, the ratio of root and crown of maize has decreased. The ratio of root and crown can be regarded as an index that balances the ability of soil supplying nutrients and water. If the ratio of root and crown is too big, then it shows that the ability of supplying nutrients and water is low, and the root is forced to increase largely.The effects of different nitrogenous fertilizer amounts on maize growth under the applying fertilizer system of "applying fertilizer only once" showed that applying few or suitable fertilizer could be helpful for maize growth, and increased the maize height and stem thick, but applying fertilizer excessively could lead to burn seeding, and the maize height and stem thick were rather small during the seeding stage. During the maturity stage, the maize height were the highest when applying N amounts were the doubleness as the field conventional N amounts, and the stem thick were the thickest when applying N fertilizer amounts were the four times as the field conventional N amounts, but when applying N fertilizer amounts were the five times as the field conventional N amounts, the stem thick were the comparative big, the plant height were comparative short.The relation of different nitrogenous fertilizer amounts and maize yield under the applying fertilizer system as "applying fertilizer only once" showed that the yield of CK treatment were the minimum, but the highest yield were 146g when applying N fertilizer were the three times as the field conventional N amounts, the results showed the yield and applying N amounts had positive relation in certain scope, when the yield of maize reach to maximum, the yield has decreased with the increasing of applying nitrogen amounts.The total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, the potassium content as maize were all increased with the applying N fertilizer amounts increasing, but the trend as increament tends to slow down, even decrease.The available N content increased with the applying N amounts, especially the increasing range was the biggest when applying N fertilizer were five times as the field conventional N amounts.