Breeding Of CMS Three-line Hybrid Rapeseed Qianyou No.16 And Applications Foreground

China has the longest history of rape production, widest rape cultivation area and highest total yield, the rape planting area and yield is 1/3 in the world. Meanwhile rape is the major oil crop in Guizhou, where 400 thousand hectare of rape were planted yearly, the planting area and the yield rank 7^th in China.Two reforms need to be done for the international rape varieties: First of all, improve low quality varieties to high-quality with low erucic acid and glucosinolate. Second, change the conventional varieties to hybrid species to perform the yield increasing potential of heterosis of F₁. In mid 1980's, Canada and all European countries implemented the double-low rape production, China just started the quality breeding in early 1980's.Some single-low and double-low rape varieties were bred and applied to production after decades of hard work. But there is still big gap with the conventional varieties which with high erucic acid and glucosinolate in the yield, resistance and maturation period, and the planting area was so small for these varieties. Combination the quality breeding and breeding for heterosis is the only way to solve the conflict of quality and yield, make them to be the major direction of rape breeding.The heterosis of rape is the adoption of recessive genic male sterile line and the cytoplasmic male sterile three-line hybrid. The cost is higher, yield is lower and the purity of rapeseed has some risk to use the recessive genic male sterile line to produce the seeds, since 50% of fertile plant in the female rows were removed in initial flowering stage, it will impact the heterosis of the hybrid rapeseeds. So the present research direction of rape breeding in the world is to use the cytoplasmic male sterile three-line hybrid to produce new rape varieties since it can overcome the above disadvantages of recessive genic male sterile line.This paper presents the research result in 1996, stable double low cytoplasmic sterile line 98-8A and its double low maintainer 98-8B were bred, by using the Polima cms from F₂ of imported Huaza No.2 in 1990 as female parent, crossed and continuing backcrossed with the double low Qianyu No.1 bred from Oil Crop Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and combination with the quality analysis in the Lab. Low erucic cytoplasmic male sterile line 98-8C which is 100% restored and sterile 98-8A were selected to produce the hybrid rapeseeds in 1996. The hybrid rapeseeds temporally named Qianza 98-8 joined the varieties comparison test in 1998,also joined the regional test in Guizhou in 1999 and 2001,and passed the production test in Guizhou in 2001 and 2002. In...